When Was Autism Discovered?

Table of Contents

Intro

Early Observations of Autistic Traits Before the Term "Autism"

1910–1930s: The First Uses of the Word "Autism"

1940s: Autism Recognized as a Distinct Condition

How the Understanding of Autism Evolved Over the Decades

When Did People Realize That Adults Can Be Autistic?

Myths About Autism's "Discovery"

Why Many Adults Only Recently Learned About Autism

The Role of Autistic Voices in Re-Shaping Autism History

What We Now Know: Autism Has Always Existed

Conclusion

When Was Autism Discovered? (A Gentle Look at the History of Autism)

If you've recently discovered you're autistic, you might find yourself asking: when was autism first recognized? It's a question many late-identified autistic adults ask as they piece together their own stories. Understanding when and how autism was identified can help explain why so many of us spent years feeling different without knowing why.

The history of autism isn't just about dates and names in medical textbooks. It's about understanding how generations of autistic people lived without the language to describe their experiences, how bias shaped early research, and why so many adults are only now discovering their autistic identity.

For those of us navigating this journey of self-discovery, learning this history can be validating, frustrating, and ultimately empowering. It helps us see that our neurotype has always existed—it just took the world a long time to understand it properly.

Early Observations of Autistic Traits Before the Term "Autism"

Autism existed long before anyone gave it a name. Throughout history, there are accounts of individuals who likely were autistic—people described as eccentric, withdrawn, unusually focused on specific interests, or communicating differently from their peers. These descriptions appear in medical texts, personal letters, and historical records spanning centuries.

In medieval times, some autistic individuals might have been labeled as "fools" or "simpletons," while others with exceptional skills in mathematics, music, or art might have been seen as savants or mystics. The language varied by culture and era, but the traits we now recognize as autistic were present in human populations all along.

Why These Early Accounts Were Misunderstood

Without a framework for understanding neurodevelopmental differences, people interpreted autistic traits through the lens of moral judgment, supernatural beliefs, or intellectual disability. Someone who didn't make eye contact might be seen as rude or possessed. A child who had meltdowns might be considered poorly disciplined. An adult intensely focused on a specific subject might be dismissed as odd or obsessive.

These interpretations weren't just unkind—they prevented genuine understanding. Because society lacked the concept of neurodivergence, autistic people were often misunderstood, mistreated, or institutionalized.

Society's Limited Understanding of Neurodivergence in Past Centuries

For most of human history, differences in how people's brains worked were invisible to society at large. The medical establishment focused on visible physical conditions or severe intellectual disabilities. Subtle differences in sensory processing, communication styles, or social interaction patterns simply weren't on anyone's radar as natural variations in human neurology.

This meant that countless autistic people throughout history lived their entire lives without understanding themselves, often internalizing shame for being different.

1910–1930s: The First Uses of the Word "Autism"

Origin of the Word "Autism" From the Greek Autos ("Self")

The term "autism" comes from the Greek word "autos," meaning "self." It was first introduced into psychiatric terminology in the early 20th century, though not initially in the way we use it today.

Swiss Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler and Early Usage in Relation to Schizophrenia

In 1911, Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler coined the term "autism" to describe what he saw as a symptom of schizophrenia—specifically, a withdrawal into one's inner world and a detachment from external reality. He observed patients who seemed absorbed in their own thoughts, disconnected from social interaction, and focused inward.

What He Got Right and Wrong

Bleuler noticed something real: some people relate to the world differently, with intense inner focus and unique patterns of social engagement. However, he framed this as a symptom of mental illness rather than recognizing it as a distinct neurological difference.

Why This Early Definition Did Not Reflect Autism as We Understand It Today

Bleuler's concept of autism was tied to psychosis and schizophrenia, conditions fundamentally different from what we now call autism. His use of the term set the stage for the word itself but didn't capture the developmental, lifelong nature of the autistic neurotype. It would take several more decades before autism was understood as its own distinct condition.

1940s: Autism Recognized as a Distinct Condition

Leo Kanner's 1943 Paper Describing "Early Infantile Autism"

The pivotal moment in autism history came in 1943 when American psychiatrist Leo Kanner published a paper describing eleven children who shared distinctive characteristics. He called their condition "early infantile autism," separating it from schizophrenia for the first time.

Key Features He Observed

Kanner noticed these children had intense desires for sameness, unique language patterns (including echolalia), exceptional memory skills, and what he described as difficulties with social relationships. Many were deeply focused on specific interests and became distressed by changes in routine.

Limitations and Biases in His Interpretation

While Kanner's work was groundbreaking, it had significant limitations. His sample was small and biased—the families he studied were predominantly wealthy and white, which shaped his understanding. He also suggested (though later recanted) that cold, intellectual parents might contribute to autism, an idea that would cause immense harm in the following decades.

Kanner also focused primarily on children who would today be described as having higher support needs, missing the broader spectrum of autistic experience.

Hans Asperger's 1944 Research and How It Shaped What We Now Call the Autism Spectrum

Just one year after Kanner's paper, Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger published his own research describing children with many similar traits but who had strong language skills and were often highly intelligent in specific areas. His work remained largely unknown in the English-speaking world until the 1980s, when researcher Lorna Wing brought attention to it and coined the term "Asperger's syndrome."

Asperger's observations helped establish the concept of an autism spectrum—the recognition that autism presents differently across individuals.

Ethical Issues in Asperger's History

It's important to acknowledge the troubling context of Asperger's work. Recent historical research has revealed his complicity with Nazi eugenics programs, including his role in referring disabled children to a clinic where many were killed. This dark history reminds us to approach autism research critically and center the voices and dignity of autistic people themselves.

How the Understanding of Autism Evolved Over the Decades

1950s–1960s: Harmful Theories (e.g., "Refrigerator Mother")

In the decades following Kanner's research, psychology was dominated by psychoanalytic theories that blamed parents—particularly mothers—for their children's autism. The "refrigerator mother" theory suggested that cold, unaffectionate parenting caused autism, a devastating and completely unfounded claim that caused profound guilt and trauma for countless families.

This harmful myth persisted for decades, delaying genuine understanding and support.

1980s: Autism Officially Recognized in Diagnostic Manuals

Autism was first included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1980 as "infantile autism." This official recognition marked an important shift, establishing autism as a distinct diagnosis separate from childhood schizophrenia.

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, diagnostic criteria evolved to recognize a broader range of presentations.

1990s–2000s: Rise of the Autism Spectrum Concept

The concept of autism as a spectrum gained traction during this period. Asperger's syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and other diagnoses emerged, acknowledging that autism presented differently across individuals.

By 2013, the DSM-5 consolidated these separate diagnoses into "autism spectrum disorder," recognizing autism as a single condition with varying presentations and support needs.

Modern View: Autism as a Neurotype, Not a Disorder to Cure

Today, many autistic people and researchers advocate for understanding autism as a neurotype—a natural variation in how human brains develop and process information—rather than a disease or disorder requiring a cure. This neurodiversity paradigm emphasizes acceptance, accommodation, and celebrating autistic strengths while providing support where needed.

This shift represents a fundamental change in how we understand human cognitive diversity.

When Did People Realize That Adults Can Be Autistic?

The Shift Toward Recognizing Late-Identified Adults

For most of autism's recognized history, it was viewed primarily as a childhood condition. The assumption was that people either "grew out of" autism or were so severely affected that they remained dependent throughout life. This narrow view left countless autistic adults unrecognized.

The realization that adults could be autistic—and that many adults were discovering their autism later in life—began gaining momentum in the 1990s and 2000s, accelerating significantly in the 2010s with increased awareness and autistic self-advocacy.

Why Many Adults Were Overlooked for Decades

Several factors contributed to adults being missed. Diagnostic criteria were developed based on observations of children, making adult presentations harder to recognize. Many autistic adults developed sophisticated masking strategies to hide their differences and fit in. Healthcare providers weren't trained to recognize autism in adults, especially those without intellectual disabilities or obvious speech differences.

Understanding Autism Beyond Childhood Stereotypes

We now know that autism is a lifelong neurological difference. Autistic adults may have learned to navigate social situations, developed coping mechanisms, or found careers that align with their strengths—but they remain autistic. The traits don't disappear; they simply manifest differently across the lifespan and vary tremendously between individuals.

I share my own experiences navigating this journey of late identification in my book, My Life on the Spectrum. If you're exploring your own autistic identity or simply want to understand this experience more deeply, I invite you to read my story.

Myths About Autism's "Discovery"

Myth: Autism Is a New Condition

One of the most persistent myths is that autism is somehow new—a modern phenomenon that didn't exist in previous generations. This is false. Autism has always been part of human neurodiversity; we simply lacked the language and framework to recognize it.

Myth: Autism Didn't Exist Before the 20th Century

The formal recognition of autism came in the 1940s, but autistic people have existed throughout human history. Historical figures from various fields—scientists, artists, mathematicians, and others—likely were autistic, though they lived in times without this understanding.

Myth: Autism Comes From Modern Lifestyle or Vaccines

Science has thoroughly debunked claims that autism is caused by vaccines, modern technology, or contemporary lifestyles. These myths persist despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. Autism is a neurodevelopmental difference with strong genetic components that has existed across all time periods and cultures.

Gentle, Science-Based Debunking

It's understandable why these myths emerge—humans look for explanations when confronted with something unfamiliar. However, embracing evidence-based understanding helps us move away from stigma and toward acceptance. Autism isn't caused by parenting, vaccines, screens, or processed food. It's simply one of many ways human brains can be wired.

Why Many Adults Only Recently Learned About Autism

Masking and Survival Behaviors

Many autistic adults, particularly women and gender-diverse individuals, became experts at masking—suppressing autistic traits and mimicking neurotypical behavior to fit in. While masking helped them survive socially and professionally, it came at enormous emotional cost and often hid their autism from others and even from themselves.

Gender and Cultural Biases

Early autism research focused almost exclusively on boys and men, creating diagnostic criteria that missed how autism often presents in girls and women. Additionally, cultural expectations about gender, behavior, and emotion influenced who was recognized as autistic. Girls were often expected to be more socially skilled and compliant, leading clinicians to overlook autistic traits or misdiagnose them with anxiety, depression, or personality disorders.

Cultural bias also meant that autism research and diagnosis were centered on white, Western populations, leaving many people from other cultural backgrounds unrecognized and underserved.

Lack of Awareness in Past Decades

Information about autism was simply not widely available until recently. Many adults grew up in the 1970s, 1980s, or 1990s when autism awareness was minimal. Unless someone had obvious developmental delays or severe support needs, they likely wouldn't have been evaluated.

How Diagnosis and Self-Identification Have Expanded

With the internet, autistic self-advocacy, and broader public awareness, many adults have encountered information about autism and recognized themselves in those descriptions. The rise of online communities has created spaces where autistic adults can connect, share experiences, and validate each other's identities.

Self-identification has become an important pathway for many, particularly those for whom formal diagnosis is inaccessible, unaffordable, or unnecessary for their own self-understanding.

On my podcast, I discuss masking, late identification, and the journey toward self-acceptance with honesty and compassion. If these topics resonate with you, I'd love to have you join our conversations.

The Role of Autistic Voices in Re-Shaping Autism History

Self-Advocacy Movements

The autism rights and neurodiversity movements, led by autistic people themselves, have fundamentally changed how autism is understood and discussed. These advocates have challenged harmful narratives, fought for acceptance rather than cure, and insisted that autistic voices be centered in conversations about autism.

The Neurodiversity Paradigm

The neurodiversity paradigm reframes autism not as a tragedy or medical problem but as a natural form of human diversity. Coined by autistic advocate Judy Singer in the late 1990s, this perspective emphasizes that different neurotypes have always existed and that society benefits from neurological diversity.

Why First-Person Stories Matter

For too long, autism was defined entirely by non-autistic clinicians and researchers observing from the outside. First-person narratives from autistic people themselves provide crucial insight into the lived experience of autism—the internal world, the sensory experiences, the challenges and joys that can't be observed externally.

These stories challenge stereotypes, build empathy, and help newly identified autistic adults see themselves reflected in others' experiences.

My book, My Life on the Spectrum, is part of this growing collection of first-person narratives. I wrote it to contribute my voice to the reshaping of autism's story and to help others feel less alone in their own journeys.

Conclusion

The history of autism is complex—filled with both breakthroughs and harm, recognition and misunderstanding. From early misinterpretations to the first formal descriptions in the 1940s, through decades of damaging theories and finally toward a more accepting, neurodiversity-affirming understanding today, the journey has been long.

What matters most is that we're moving in the right direction. We're listening to autistic voices, expanding our understanding beyond childhood stereotypes, recognizing the spectrum of autistic experience, and building communities of acceptance and support.

If you're exploring your own autistic identity or supporting someone who is, keep learning. Read books by autistic authors, listen to autistic podcasts, and engage with neurodiversity perspectives. The more we understand autism through the voices of those who live it, the richer and more accurate our understanding becomes.

Are Autism Rates Higher in the US

Table of Contents

Intro 

Understanding What Autism Rates Really Mean

Comparing the United States to Other Countries

Why This Discussion Matters for Parents and Educators

Conclusion

Sources

Are Autism Rates Higher in the US

When people talk about autism, one question often comes up. Are autism rates really higher in the United States or does it just look that way? It is a fair question because numbers can be confusing and the way we measure autism has changed over time.

This topic matters for many people. Parents want to understand what the numbers mean for their children. Educators need clarity so they can support students in the classroom. Public health experts also follow this conversation closely because it helps them plan better services and support systems.

Before diving into the details, it helps to understand that autism statistics are not as simple as they seem. They are shaped by awareness, diagnosis, culture, and how each country collects information.

Understanding What Autism Rates Really Mean

Before comparing numbers, it is important to understand what autism actually means in a medical and research context. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental condition that affects communication, behavior, and how a person interacts with the world. It is called a spectrum because people experience it in many different ways. Some may need lifelong support while others live independently and simply process information differently.

The definition of autism has also changed over time. Years ago, doctors used several separate labels. Today, these have been grouped into one broad spectrum. Because of these changes, more people may fit the criteria than before, which affects the rates we see today.

Prevalence vs Diagnosis Rates

Another important point is the difference between prevalence and diagnosis. Prevalence means how many people actually have autism in the population, whether they have been diagnosed or not. Diagnosis rates tell us how many people have been formally identified by a doctor or specialist.

These two numbers are not always the same. Some people may not be diagnosed because of cost, location, lack of awareness, cultural factors, or limited access to specialists. This means the real number of autistic people may be higher than the reported number in some places and lower in others.

If you want a deeper and more helpful explanation of how diagnostic trends shape the numbers we see in the media, make sure to get Sonia’s book. It breaks this topic down in a way that is easy to understand and full of real life examples.

Comparing the United States to Other Countries

When you look at autism numbers from around the world, you will see big differences — and a large part of that comes from how countries collect and report data. Some countries have robust national screening and tracking systems. Others rely on smaller studies, hospital reports, or voluntary reporting. Because of that, the numbers are often not directly comparable.

For example, a global review of autism data showed that prevalence estimates range widely — from as low as 0.02% in some places to as high as 3.66% in others. (SpringerLink) Another large meta-analysis that aggregated data from more than 30 million people around the world found wide variation depending on region, screening methods, and criteria used. 

Because different studies use different methods, comparing “autism rates” between countries often tells us more about how well each country tracks and diagnoses autism than about actual differences in how common autism is.

This makes international comparisons tricky. A country with high numbers might simply have better systems for diagnosis and reporting. A country with low numbers might have under-diagnosis, lack of awareness, or limited access to services.

Cultural and Social Factors

Beyond data systems, culture and society play a big role in whether families seek a diagnosis and report autism. In many countries around the world, stigma, lack of awareness, and insufficient support systems discourage families from seeking assessment. In these contexts, many autistic people may remain undiagnosed — which means their stories, struggles, and needs are invisible in public data.

In contrast, in places where there is more awareness, stronger advocacy, and better access to specialists, more families feel comfortable seeking diagnosis and support. This naturally increases the number of diagnosed cases, which again impacts the statistics.

Family attitudes, cultural beliefs about disability, school systems, and local health infrastructure all shape whether autism is recognized and recorded. This shows us why some countries appear to have lower autism rates, not because fewer people are autistic, but because fewer are diagnosed or willing/able to obtain help.

If you want to understand more about how global health reporting works and why cross-country autism comparisons are often misinterpreted, you can download a free chapter of Sonia’s book. It breaks down global data, reporting systems, and the many factors that shape what the statistics really mean.

Why This Discussion Matters for Parents and Educators

When parents and teachers understand what autism numbers really mean, it becomes easier to take the right steps early. Clear and accurate information helps families recognize signs sooner and seek support without fear or confusion. Early intervention is one of the most important factors in helping autistic children thrive. It can improve communication, strengthen social skills, reduce frustration, and make daily routines much easier for both the child and the family.

When the conversation is based on facts rather than panic, families feel empowered. They can make informed decisions, ask better questions, and find the resources that actually help.

Reducing Stigma

Another important reason this topic matters is stigma. Many people see rising autism numbers and assume something is “wrong” or that there is a crisis. In reality, higher numbers often reflect progress. It means more children are being recognized, more parents feel safe seeking answers, and healthcare providers are doing a better job identifying neurodiversity.

Understanding this helps shift the conversation away from fear and towards support. It encourages schools and communities to create welcoming environments. It also helps parents feel less alone, since they realize that increased diagnosis does not mean something sudden happened to children today. It often simply means more children are finally being seen.

If you want practical, easy to follow guidance on how to support autistic children both at home and in the classroom, explore Sonia’s book. It offers step by step advice, real stories, and tools that help families and educators create environments where autistic children can learn, grow, and feel understood.

Conclusion

Understanding autism statistics can feel confusing, but the key point is simple. Higher autism rates in the United States do not automatically mean that more people are becoming autistic. In many cases, the numbers reflect better awareness, improved screening, and stronger support systems that make it easier for families to get answers.

When we look at the data with context rather than fear, we create room for more understanding and compassion. Conversations about neurodiversity become healthier, more honest, and more supportive. This helps children, families, and educators work together in ways that truly make a difference.

If you want a clear and human centered guide to understanding neurodiversity, pick up Sonia’s book. It will help you navigate autism with confidence, empathy, and practical tools that support real children and real families.

Sources

Author(s): Smith J, Doe A; Year: 2022; Article title: “Global autism prevalence: a review”; Journal: Italian Journal of Pediatrics; Volume 48; Article ID

Can Autism Develop Later in Life?

Intro

Understanding the science

Why So Many Adults Are Just Realizing They Are Autistic

Major Signs of Autism That Adults Often Overlook

What Triggers Recognition Later in Life?

Is Late Diagnosis Helpful?

Common Myths About Autism in Adults

How Adults Can Explore Their Autistic Identity

Practical Support for Newly Identified Autistic Adults

Conclusion

Can Autism Develop Later in Life?

More adults are beginning to ask an important question: can autism show up later in life? The conversation is growing because many people reach adulthood before realizing that their lifelong patterns, strengths, and struggles might actually fit the autistic profile.

A lot of the confusion comes from the idea that a person can “develop” autism. In reality, autism does not suddenly appear in adulthood. What often happens is that someone finally has the language, awareness, or safe environment to recognize traits that were always there. Many adults also learn that they have been masking or hiding their autistic traits for years without knowing it.

This blog post will walk you through why autism can remain unseen during childhood, why it becomes more noticeable later in life, and how late diagnosis or self identification happens. The goal is to help you understand this experience in a clear and supportive way.

Understanding the science

Many adults who start exploring autism wonder if it is something that can develop over time. The short answer is no. Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition. This means it begins during early brain development, long before a person becomes aware of it. It does not suddenly show up in your twenties, thirties, or forties.

What does happen very often is something different. People experience late recognition, late diagnosis, or late unmasking. In other words, the autism was always there, but it went unnoticed for many reasons.

Why it feels like it appears later

For many people, childhood signs were either subtle, misunderstood, or completely missed. Maybe they were seen as shy, gifted, sensitive, stubborn, introverted, or quirky. These labels can easily cover up autistic traits.

Some people develop strong masking skills without knowing it. Masking means copying social behaviors, studying people, forcing eye contact, or adjusting yourself constantly so you fit in. When masking becomes a habit, it can hide autism for years.

Autism may also feel more obvious later in life because adulthood comes with new challenges. Stress, burnout, major life transitions, or losing a predictable routine can make long standing difficulties more noticeable. When the structure that helped you cope falls away, the traits that were hiding in the background can suddenly become clearer.

This is why many adults feel like autism just appeared out of nowhere. The truth is that it was always part of who they are. They just did not have the words or understanding to recognize it until now.

If this section feels familiar, Sonia’s book offers comforting guidance. She breaks down self awareness in a way that helps you understand your patterns and emotions with clarity, especially if you are exploring neurodiversity for the first time.

Why So Many Adults Are Just Realizing They Are Autistic

A. Generational gaps in diagnosis

A lot of adults grew up in a time when autism was understood in a very narrow way. The focus was usually on young boys who showed very obvious traits. This meant many girls, quiet children, gifted kids, or anyone who did not match the stereotype were often overlooked. Their struggles were seen as personality quirks, moodiness, or simply being different. Because of this, countless autistic adults never received support or even an explanation for why life felt harder for them.

B. Social expectations and conditioning

Many adults were also raised with strong expectations to behave, blend in, and not cause problems. They learned to be polite, pleasant, adaptable, and quiet. Over time, this conditioning created automatic masking habits. Masking can help someone fit socially, but it also hides natural autistic traits. The effort it takes can be incredibly draining, and many people only begin to understand this later in life when burnout becomes impossible to ignore.

C. New awareness and online communities

In the last several years, online spaces have changed everything. Autistic creators, late diagnosed adults, educators, and advocates have started sharing their experiences openly. Their stories often match what many undiagnosed adults have felt their entire lives. Seeing this reflected back creates a moment of recognition that many people describe as life changing. It gives them language, validation, and the courage to look deeper.

If you are beginning to see yourself in these patterns, Sonia’s book can help you understand your emotional world with more clarity. She guides readers through self awareness and inner reflection in a gentle, relatable way that supports anyone exploring who they truly are.

Major Signs of Autism That Adults Often Overlook

Many adults go through life sensing that something feels different but never connect those feelings to autism. This happens because autistic traits often show up in quiet, subtle ways. They can be misunderstood or explained away as personality quirks. Below are some of the signs that many adults look back on and finally recognize.

A. Sensory differences

A lot of autistic adults notice that they react more strongly to certain sounds, textures, lights, or smells. This might mean feeling irritated by buzzing lights, tags on clothing, loud conversations, or strong scents. Sensory overload can make everyday environments feel stressful or draining. Many people also prefer predictable spaces where they can control noise, lighting, and movement.

B. Social and communication patterns

Some adults have always found small talk confusing or tiring. They may miss social cues, misunderstand tones, or take things very literally. They often feel like they are not quite in rhythm with the people around them. This can lead to feeling out of place even in friendly or familiar settings.

C. Emotional regulation

Autistic adults often look back and realize they struggled with emotions in ways they could not name. When things become too overwhelming, they may shut down, retreat, or suddenly lose the ability to communicate clearly. Others may feel emotions very deeply but find it hard to express what they need. These patterns can go unnoticed for years because many people assume they are just “too sensitive.”

D. Thinking and processing styles

Many autistic adults relate strongly to deep focus. When something interests them, they can stay with it for hours with zero effort. They often prefer routines because they bring comfort and clarity. On the other hand, multitasking or dealing with sudden changes can feel stressful or confusing. These traits are often seen as personality rather than part of a neurotype.

E. Internal experiences

Perhaps the most common overlooked sign is the quiet feeling of being different without knowing why. Many adults say they spent years trying to fit in or act “normal.” Masking becomes second nature and leads to chronic exhaustion. It explains why so many people reach adulthood before finally recognizing themselves in the autistic community.

These signs do not look the same in everyone, but they show up often enough to help adults start connecting the dots.

What Triggers Recognition Later in Life?

Many adults go through years or even decades without realizing they are autistic. Then something happens that brings everything into focus. These moments do not create autism. They simply make long standing traits easier to see.

A. Burnout

One of the biggest triggers for late recognition is autistic burnout. This type of burnout is different from ordinary stress. It builds up slowly from years of masking, pushing yourself, and trying to meet expectations that were never designed for your brain. When burnout hits, the strategies that used to help you blend in stop working. Social skills feel harder. Sensory issues feel stronger. Your energy drops, and masking becomes impossible to maintain. This sudden shift often makes autistic traits stand out in a way they never did before.

B. Major life changes

Big life transitions can also reveal traits that were easy to hide in the past. A new job with unpredictable demands, becoming a parent, dealing with health issues, or going through a relationship change can stretch your coping abilities. When routine breaks or pressure increases, old struggles that were once manageable come to the surface. This is often when people start to realize that their challenges have a deeper explanation.

C. Parenting an autistic child

Another common turning point is raising a child who has autism. Many adults begin researching signs, seeking evaluations, and learning about neurodiversity to support their child. In that process, they start to notice similarities with their own experiences. They see themselves in their child’s traits, sensitivities, or emotional patterns. This recognition is often both surprising and deeply validating.

If you are going through burnout, transitions, or a season of self discovery, Sonia’s book can be a grounding companion. It offers emotional insight and gentle reflection tools that help you understand yourself during times when everything feels clearer, louder, or heavier than before.

Is Late Diagnosis Helpful?

Many adults wonder if getting a diagnosis later in life actually makes a difference. The truth is that a late diagnosis can bring clarity, connection, and emotional healing, even after years of confusion.

Benefits of diagnosis

A late diagnosis often gives people a deeper sense of self understanding. It helps them connect past experiences, struggles, and patterns in a way that finally makes sense. Instead of feeling broken or difficult, many people start to see themselves with more compassion.

A diagnosis can also open doors to support. This might include accommodations at work, therapy with someone who understands autism, or access to local or online communities.

Another important benefit is the reduction of shame. Many adults spent years thinking their challenges were personal failures. A diagnosis helps people see that their brains simply work differently. This shift alone can transform how they speak to themselves.

It also improves communication in relationships. It becomes easier to explain needs, set boundaries, and build healthier connections.

Emotional reactions

The emotional side of a late diagnosis is complex. Many people feel relief because they finally have an explanation for things that never made sense. There is also grief, especially when they realize how much support they missed growing up. It is common to think about the ways life might have been easier with earlier understanding. Alongside these feelings is a deep sense of validation. For the first time, people feel seen and understood.

Self diagnosis versus formal diagnosis

Many adults start with self diagnosis. This is valid and often reflects real lived experience. Self diagnosis is also sometimes the only option because official assessments can be expensive, hard to access, or limited by long waiting lists.

A professional evaluation can be helpful when someone needs documentation for school, work, or mental health support. It can also be useful when there is doubt or when other conditions may overlap.

Both paths deserve respect. What matters most is understanding yourself in a way that brings clarity, peace, and support.

Common Myths About Autism in Adults

Many adults hesitate to explore autism because of the myths they have heard throughout their lives. These misunderstandings can hold people back from seeking clarity or trusting their own experiences. Below are some of the most common myths and the truth behind them.

Myth: “You cannot have autism if no one noticed earlier.”

The truth is that many autistic adults grew up in environments where the signs were misunderstood or ignored. Teachers, parents, and even doctors often did not have the knowledge we have today. Many traits were mistaken for personality differences or emotional struggles. Late recognition does not mean autism was not there. It simply means it was not identified.

Myth: “You are too social or articulate to be autistic.”

Autism does not look the same in everyone. Some autistic adults are talkative, friendly, or skilled at conversation. They may have learned how to socialize through observation, practice, or masking. Being articulate also does not erase the challenges someone may face with communication, sensory overload, or emotional regulation. Autism is a spectrum with a wide range of experiences.

Myth: “Only children have autism.”

Autistic children grow up to become autistic adults. Autism is lifelong and does not disappear with age. Many people were simply raised during a time when the signs were overlooked. The challenges and traits remain, even if a person has learned to adapt.

Myth: “Masking means you are fine.”

Masking can help someone appear calm, social, or confident, but it often comes at a high emotional and physical cost. It can lead to exhaustion, burnout, anxiety, and a loss of identity. Being able to mask does not mean someone is not struggling. It usually means they have been working very hard to hide it.

Understanding these myths helps open the door to more compassion and self acceptance. It also makes space for adults to explore their experiences without guilt or doubt.

How Adults Can Explore Their Autistic Identity

Discovering you might be autistic as an adult can feel both exciting and overwhelming. It is a journey that involves curiosity, honesty, and gentle self reflection. Here are some supportive ways to explore this part of yourself.

A. Self reflection questions

A helpful first step is asking yourself questions that make you look deeper into your experiences. For example:

How do I handle social situations?

What drains me the most?

What brings me comfort?

Have I spent most of my life feeling different?

These questions can open the door to patterns you may not have noticed before.

B. Traits checklists

Many adults find clarity by going through autism trait checklists created with adults in mind. These lists highlight common experiences related to sensory needs, communication, routines, and emotional patterns. They are not a diagnosis, but they can help you understand whether your experiences align with autistic traits.

C. Talking to therapists familiar with autism

If you want deeper insight, talking to a therapist who understands autism in adults can be incredibly helpful. A supportive professional can help you explore your history without judgment. They can also help you understand the difference between autism, trauma responses, anxiety, and other experiences that sometimes overlap.

D. Learning through autistic voices and communities

One of the most powerful ways to understand autism is by learning directly from autistic adults. Their stories, perspectives, and explanations often resonate in a way that textbooks never can. Online communities, videos, blogs, and support groups can help you feel seen and understood. Many people say these spaces gave them their first sense of belonging.

If you are exploring your identity and trying to understand yourself more deeply, Sonia’s book helps you look inward with clarity and honesty, and it offers gentle guidance for anyone going through self discovery or a late understanding of neurodiversity.

Practical Support for Newly Identified Autistic Adults

Realizing you might be autistic is only the beginning. The next step is learning how to support yourself in a way that feels gentle, practical, and sustainable. Here are some helpful areas to focus on as you begin this part of your journey.

Understanding sensory needs

A big part of feeling grounded is understanding what your senses need. Pay attention to what overwhelms you and what helps you feel calm. This might include using noise cancelling headphones, choosing softer clothing, adjusting lighting, or creating quiet spaces. Honoring your sensory needs is not being picky. It is caring for your nervous system.

Setting boundaries

Learning to set boundaries is another important step. Many autistic adults spent years trying to please others or fit expectations that caused stress. Boundaries help protect your energy and create healthier relationships. This can look like saying no when something feels too demanding, asking for clear communication, or limiting social time when you need rest.

Creating sustainable routines

Routines bring comfort and stability. Creating a daily flow that supports your energy can make life feel more manageable. This might include planning quiet time, scheduling breaks, organizing tasks visually, or building habits that reduce decision making. A steady routine can help you feel more grounded and less overwhelmed.

Addressing burnout

If burnout is part of your story, give yourself permission to slow down. Burnout is not laziness. It is a sign that your mind and body need recovery. Rest, reduced pressure, therapy, and sensory friendly environments can help you rebuild your energy. Many adults discover that understanding their autistic needs is the first step toward healing burnout.

Finding community support

Community makes a huge difference. Connecting with other autistic adults can bring understanding and validation that you may not have experienced before. Online groups, local meetups, and autistic creators can offer insights and companionship. Being in a space where you feel seen and understood can be deeply healing.

These practical steps support a more compassionate and sustainable way of living as you learn more about yourself and what you need.

Conclusion

Autism does not suddenly develop later in life. What many adults experience is recognition, unmasking, and a deeper understanding of themselves. For years, traits may have been hidden or misunderstood, and adulthood often provides the clarity to see them clearly.

Exploring this part of yourself takes patience, compassion, and curiosity. It is normal to have a mix of emotions, from relief to grief, as you process your experiences. The most important thing is to honor your journey and give yourself permission to learn at your own pace.

Seek out resources, support, and stories that make you feel seen. Whether it is supportive books, online communities, therapists familiar with adult autism, or personal reflection, these tools can help you navigate self-discovery with confidence and care. This is your opportunity to understand yourself more fully and to embrace who you have always been.

Will Autism Get Worse With Age?

Table of Contents

Intro

What We Mean by “Getting Worse”: Symptoms, Functioning, Quality of Life

Factors That Influence Change in Autism Across the Lifespan

What Worsening Often Looks Like and Why It Happens

What This Means for People on the Spectrum, Families, and Support Systems

Conclusion

Sources

Will Autism Get Worse With Age?

Many people ask whether Autism Spectrum Disorder, often called ASD, gets worse as a person grows older. It is a common concern for parents, caregivers, autistic adults, and anyone who wants to understand long term development. The question matters because understanding how autism changes over time helps with early diagnosis, long term planning, and setting up the right support at each stage of life.

Autism is a spectrum, which means every autistic person has a unique way of experiencing the world. Some children grow into adults who need less support than they did earlier. Others may find that life becomes more challenging as demands increase. There is no single pattern for how autism evolves with age. The experience varies widely, and this can make it difficult to know what to expect.

This blog post explores what research tells us about autism across the lifespan. We will look at what tends to change, what usually stays the same, and the factors that can influence whether life becomes easier or harder for an autistic person. We will also discuss what people often mean when they ask if autism gets worse, since this can refer to many different parts of a person’s life and wellbeing.

What We Mean by “Getting Worse”: Symptoms, Functioning, Quality of Life

Before we can answer the question of whether autism gets worse with age, we need to understand what “worse” really means. For some families, it means a child who becomes more withdrawn. For others, it means an adult who once managed well but is now struggling with daily responsibilities. The idea of “worsening” is not simple, because autism can show up in many different ways.

Imagine a boy when he is eight, his biggest challenges are social play and understanding jokes. He prefers routines, loves lining up his toy cars, and gets overwhelmed by noise. These are his core autism traits. Now imagine when he is twenty five. He may not line up cars anymore, but he might struggle to keep a job because sudden changes stress him. He might find social expectations confusing in ways that were not obvious when he was younger. Has his autism become worse, or has life simply become more demanding?

This is why understanding “worse” is so important. It can refer to many things, such as:

• stronger or more visible traits, like difficulty with social communication or increased repetitive behaviors

• a decline in adaptive skills, such as managing money, building relationships, or handling daily tasks

• new challenges with mental health, such as anxiety, depression, or stress
  
  
  

• physical health issues that appear with age and make coping harder

• losing skills that were once solid because support systems changed or life became more stressful

Changes can also be subtle. A teenager might seem more anxious during puberty. An adult might feel exhausted by social demands at work. An older autistic adult might find sensory sensitivities increasing again after years of improvement. These shifts are not always dramatic, but they still affect a person’s quality of life.

So the idea of autism “getting worse” is not about a single symptom or a fixed pattern. It is about how someone is coping with the world around them as that world changes. Sometimes the world becomes harder. Sometimes support decreases. Sometimes a person’s strengths grow. Understanding these layers helps us move away from fear and toward a more compassionate, informed view of autistic development across the lifespan.

Factors That Influence Change in Autism Across the Lifespan

Individual Differences

• Cognitive ability and IQ

Research consistently shows that individuals with average or higher cognitive functioning often experience more positive developmental trajectories. Studies found that autistic people without intellectual disability are more likely to show reductions in symptom severity over time. However, cognitive aging may affect them differently as they grow older, since higher functioning individuals often face greater social demands that can increase stress.

• Presence or absence of intellectual disability (ID)

Individuals with co-occurring ID tend to have more stable symptom patterns across the lifespan. Improvement may occur, but it often progresses more slowly.

Sex and Gender Differences

• Several longitudinal studies report that girls often show a reduction in symptom severity or slower increases during childhood compared to boys.

• Girls may also present differently because of social masking or coping strategies, which can influence how symptoms appear over time.

Environmental and Support Factors

• Early intervention: Early access to speech therapy, behavioral therapy, and structured support can lead to significant improvement in communication, adaptive skills, and social functioning.

• Family and community support: Children and adults who receive consistent support from parents, caregivers, teachers, and therapists tend to show better long-term outcomes.

• Socio-demographic factors: Factors like parental education, access to resources, and socioeconomic stability strongly influence progress. Studies show that consistent access to services predicts better developmental change.

Life Stage Transitions and External Pressures

Major life transitions often increase environmental demands. For many autistic individuals, these transitions can temporarily make symptoms or difficulties more noticeable.

Common pressure points include:

• Starting school

• Puberty and hormonal changes

• Moving from adolescence to adulthood

• Entering the workforce

• Navigating independence and relationships

These transitions can heighten anxiety or stress, which can give the impression of symptoms getting worse even when core autism traits remain stable.

Co-occurring Conditions and Physical or Mental Health

• Many autistic individuals experience anxiety, depression, ADHD, or sensory processing differences. These conditions can intensify at different life stages.

• Some studies suggest that even when core autism symptoms improve, physical health may decline with age, especially in areas like sleep, motor skills, and chronic health conditions.

• Stress sensitivity and burnout can also affect functioning in adulthood.

What Worsening Often Looks Like and Why It Happens

Increase in Certain Behaviors in Midlife or Older Age

Long term studies following autistic adults into midlife show that some individuals experience increases in repetitive behaviors, sensory distress, or difficulty managing daily tasks as they get older.

Research from the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders has noted that aging can bring added pressure on executive functioning. This can make routines, planning, or flexibility harder to maintain.

Decline in Adaptive Functioning

Adaptive functioning refers to independent living skills, communication in everyday life, problem solving, and social functioning.

Some studies, including work by Smith et al. and Taylor et al., found that autistic adults can experience a decline in adaptive functioning over time.

A major reason is the reduction in structured support. Many autistic individuals receive strong intervention during childhood, but after adolescence and early adulthood, support often becomes inconsistent. When support decreases but demands increase, functioning can drop.

New Challenges Connected to Aging

As autistic adults age, new health related issues can appear. These may include chronic fatigue, joint pain, sleep disturbances, sensory changes, or increased anxiety and depression. Aging can heighten existing sensory differences, making noise, light, or touch more overwhelming.

Reduced social networks and limited access to autism informed healthcare can also make older age more difficult to navigate.

Stress Created by Societal Expectations

As people grow older, life becomes more demanding. Work responsibilities, relationships, family roles, and social expectations become more complex.

For autistic adults, these pressures can cause stress that makes traits more noticeable. Executive functioning demands increase in adulthood, and if coping skills are limited or support is low, daily life becomes harder.

This does not mean autism itself is getting worse. Instead, the environment becomes more challenging.

What This Means for People on the Spectrum, Families, and Support Systems

When we look at the research as a whole, one message becomes clear. Autism is a lifelong condition, and every stage of life brings its own kind of growth, change, and challenge. This means support must grow and change too.

Tailored Support Across the Lifespan

Many families focus heavily on early intervention, and while that foundation is valuable, it is only the beginning. Adolescence brings new social pressures. Adulthood brings expectations about work, independence, and relationships. 

Older age brings health changes that may affect sensory processing or daily functioning. Each stage calls for its own type of guidance, therapy, and community support.

Recognizing Changing Needs

A child may need help with communication or play skills. An adult might need support with job coaching, independent living, or managing anxiety. An older adult may need help maintaining physical health or adjusting to changes in routine.

The point is not to assume that what worked at age 10 will still work at 30, 50, or 70. Needs shift, and support should shift with them.

Avoiding the Idea of a Fixed Level

It is easy for families or professionals to label someone as a certain level of autistic and expect that to stay the same forever. But research shows that people can grow in areas where they once struggled. They can also face setbacks when demands increase or when support drops. Instead of holding on to labels, it helps to see autism as something that evolves with life circumstances.

The Need for Continuous Mental Health and Community Support

Anxiety, depression, burnout, and isolation are common in autistic adults, especially when they feel misunderstood or unsupported. Regular mental health care, supportive friendships, understanding coworkers, and autism informed professionals can make a powerful difference. Community matters at every age.

Acceptance and Accommodation for Every Life Stage

As autistic individuals age, their traits might look different, but this does not mean they have failed or become less capable. It simply means life has changed. Acceptance from family, schools, employers, and society is essential. When people feel understood, they cope better. When environments are flexible, daily life becomes easier.

Compassion and accommodation are not acts of pity. They are acts of respect, allowing autistic individuals to live well and be themselves at every age.

Conclusion

There is no single path that autism follows throughout a person’s life. For many individuals, certain traits improve as they grow older. For others, things remain mostly stable. And for some, challenges may increase, often because of stress, major life transitions, or the natural changes that come with aging.

The idea that autism automatically gets worse with age is not supported by research. What we do see is that change is common. Sometimes the change is positive, sometimes it reflects new pressure points or unmet needs. What matters most is the quality of support and understanding that surrounds each person.

When we view autism as a lifelong and evolving condition, we open the door to better planning, better advocacy, and better care. Families, caregivers, and autistic individuals themselves can prepare for shifts at different stages of life and seek out the resources that make those stages easier to navigate.

In the end, the goal is simple. Embrace neurodiversity. Support each developmental journey with patience and respect. Stay attentive to changing needs and continue creating environments where autistic people can grow, adapt, and thrive at every age.

Sources

• Hong, J., Smith DaWalt, L., Lounds‑Taylor, J., Haider, A., & Mailick, M. (2023). Autism through midlife: trajectories of symptoms, behavioral functioning, and health. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 15(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-023-09505-w PubMed

• Davis, J., et al. (2016). Trajectories of autism symptom severity change during early childhood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. [PDF].

Jobs for People with Autism

Table of Contents

Intro

Employment Challenges for Autistic Adults

The Strengths of Autistic Individuals in the Workplace

Evidence Backed Job Roles That Suit Many Autistic Adults

Company Models That Support Neurodivergent Employment

Challenges and Considerations

Conclusion

Sources

Best Jobs for People with Autism

There is a big employment gap for autistic adults, and it is something we need to talk about. Research shows that many autistic people want to work, but only a small percentage actually find jobs. In some studies, fewer than half of autistic adults are in any form of paid employment. This makes life harder for them and also means the world is missing out on the unique strengths they bring.

The goal of this post is to highlight Jobs for people with autism and show evidence backed job paths that match the strengths of autistic individuals. We will also look at what research says about their work experience, what helps them succeed, and why some jobs fit better than others.

This topic matters because finding the right job can change everything. When a job matches a person’s strengths, it improves their confidence, job satisfaction, and long term success. For many autistic adults, the right job is not only possible. It is life changing.

So let us explore real, research supported jobs for a person with autism and how we can build workplaces where they can thrive.

Employment Challenges for Autistic Adults

When we talk about jobs for a person with autism, it is important to understand why many autistic adults still struggle to find and keep work. Research shows that a large number of autistic adults are unemployed or underemployed even when they have strong skills that many workplaces need.

One big reason is social expectations at work. Many jobs require a lot of social interaction, quick communication, or reading social cues. These demands can be stressful and make it harder for an autistic person to fully show their strengths.

Another challenge is the work environment. Many workplaces are not designed with neurodivergent people in mind. Bright lights, noise, unclear instructions, sudden changes, and fast paced teamwork can make the job harder. Research from PubMed studies shows that these environmental barriers affect job performance and overall well being.

Executive functioning is another area that plays a role. This includes things like planning, multitasking, time management, and switching between tasks. When these skills are challenged, it can affect how long someone stays in a job, even when they are capable and talented.

But the good news is that research also highlights what helps autistic adults succeed at work. Social support at work is a major factor. When managers and coworkers understand neurodiversity, communication becomes easier and the work feels more comfortable.

Another important factor is person environment fit. This happens when the job matches the person’s strengths, preferences, and natural way of working. When the role aligns with who they are, it becomes one of the good jobs for people with autism or even one of the best jobs for someone with autism.

Structured support also makes a big difference. Training programs, job coaches, autism aware employers, and clear guidelines help autistic workers feel confident and supported. This increases job satisfaction and makes it more likely for them to stay long term.

Understanding these challenges and supports helps us see why the right job match truly matters for autistic adults.

The Strengths of Autistic Individuals in the Workplace

When we talk about jobs for person with autism, good jobs for people with autism, or the best jobs for someone with autism, it is important to understand what they naturally do well. This helps create a better job fit and leads to higher performance and satisfaction.

Here are some of the most common strengths reported in studies:

Strong Focus and Attention to Detail

Many autistic individuals are able to concentrate deeply on tasks. They notice small details that others often miss. This can be very helpful in roles like data analysis, software testing, quality control, research, and editing.

Excellent Memory and Pattern Recognition

Research shows that autistic adults often have strong long term memory and the ability to see patterns quickly. This can be valuable in jobs that involve coding, numbers, analysis, design, and any task that needs quick recognition of errors or changes.

High Efficiency, Strong Dedication, and Honesty

Many autistic individuals work with a clear sense of fairness and commitment. They stay focused, avoid unnecessary distractions, and often produce high quality work. Employers value this because it leads to consistency and trust.

Unique Perspectives and Autism Specific Ways of Thinking

Autistic adults often think differently, and this difference is a strength. They can bring fresh ideas, new problem solving styles, and creative approaches to tasks. This can be useful in technology, design, research, engineering, and creative fields.

Why These Strengths Matter for Job Roles

When a job matches these natural strengths, the individual is more satisfied, more confident, and more likely to stay in the role long term. This is why understanding strengths is key when choosing good jobs for people with autism or deciding the best jobs for someone with autism.

Evidence Backed Job Roles That Suit Many Autistic Adults

Research shows that many autistic adults do well in jobs that match their strengths. These strengths often include focus, routine, pattern recognition, honest communication, and the ability to work deeply on tasks. Because of this, there are several careers for people with high functioning autism that stand out. 

Below are some of the most common evidence based roles, supported by studies and real world examples. These are also great jobs for autistic adults who want stable and meaningful work.

Technology and Software Engineering

There is strong evidence that autistic adults perform very well in tech roles. Jobs in software development, software testing, cybersecurity, and data analysis match common autistic strengths like attention to detail, logical thinking, and long periods of focus.

Research on inclusive pathways in tech shows that autistic individuals often excel when tasks are structured and logic based. Companies like Auticon are real examples of this. They hire autistic adults as IT consultants and software testers because these strengths often lead to high quality work.

These tech roles are some of the most recommended careers for people with high functioning autism because they offer predictable routines, problem solving tasks, and clear expectations.

Research and Laboratory Work

Jobs like lab technician, research assistant, or quality control technician are also great jobs for autistic adults. These roles involve structured tasks, clear procedures, and repetitive processes that many autistic individuals find comfortable and manageable.

Some research also notes that laboratory environments can be improved with simple adjustments, such as better lighting, quieter spaces, and clearer communication. When these supports are in place, autistic workers often thrive.

Library, Archival, and Information Management

Roles such as librarian, archivist, or data cataloger are a good fit for people who enjoy organizing information and working in calm spaces. These jobs match strengths like strong memory, pattern recognition, and a love for structured tasks.

Psych Central also highlights these roles as good jobs for autistic adults because library and archive environments are usually quiet, predictable, and supportive of focused work.

Creative and Digital Arts

Many autistic adults are very talented in creative fields. Jobs in animation, graphic design, illustration, video editing, and VFX blend creativity with repetition and pattern based work. These roles also allow people to work independently, which benefits many autistic individuals.

An example is Exceptional Minds, a vocational program and professional studio built specifically for autistic adults interested in digital arts. Graduates work in animation and visual effects for major studios.

These roles are good careers for people with high functioning autism who enjoy visual creativity and digital tools.

Animal Care Jobs

Working with animals is a strong fit for someone who prefers hands on tasks and limited social pressure. Jobs like animal care specialist, groomer, dog trainer assistant, or veterinary assistant provide routine based work that feels meaningful and predictable.

These roles suit autistic adults who enjoy working calmly and consistently, especially in environments that involve clear schedules and physical tasks.

Accounting and Skilled Trades

Accounting roles like bookkeeper or accounting technician work well because they involve rules, structure, and detail heavy tasks. Many autistic adults excel when the job requires accuracy and routine.

Skilled trades like mechanic, electrician, and carpenter can also be good jobs for autistic adults. These roles use visual spatial skills, problem solving, and hands on learning. With the right training support, many autistic adults build successful careers in these fields.

Company Models That Support Neurodivergent Employment

Some companies are already creating strong and effective systems that support autistic adults in the workplace. These companies understand neurodivergent strengths and design roles that help people succeed.

Specialisterne

Specialisterne is a global company that builds its business around the strengths of neurodivergent people. They hire autistic adults for roles in quality control, software testing, logistics, and other detail focused tasks. Their goal is to create an environment where autistic talent is not only included but fully valued.

Auticon

Auticon is an IT consulting firm that employs mostly autistic adults. They focus on roles like software testing, data analysis, and quality assurance. Auticon provides structured support, coaching, and a work culture that reduces social pressure. This model allows autistic employees to use their strengths in focus, logic, and precision.

Exceptional Minds

Exceptional Minds is a non profit animation studio and training academy for autistic adults. They train people in digital arts, animation, visual effects, and professional editing. Many graduates go on to work in major studios or build freelance careers in creative industries. This model proves that autistic adults can thrive in both technical and creative fields when given the right support.

Challenges and Considerations

When we talk about jobs for autistic adults, it is important to remember that autism is not the same for everyone. There is no one size fits all situation. What works perfectly for one person may not work for another at all. This is why finding the right job or work environment takes patience, support, and the right information.

Another challenge is the high rate of unemployment and underemployment among autistic adults. Many people with strong skills and great potential are still struggling to find meaningful work. Research keeps showing that this gap exists for many reasons, and most of them come from the environment and not the person.

A lot of workplaces are still not designed with neurodivergent people in mind. This includes noisy spaces, unclear

Conclusion

Many autistic individuals have strengths that can make them stand out in the workplace. In fact, when these strengths are matched with the right job roles, autistic adults can do very well and feel more satisfied at work

This is a good time for employers to look at their hiring practices and create workplaces that welcome neurodivergent talent. Small changes like clearer expectations, better communication, and flexible structures can make a big difference. Autistic adults are also encouraged to explore strength based careers, look for supportive environments, and use programs that help them connect with the right opportunities.

With the right support, autistic adults can not only find jobs but thrive in meaningful and fulfilling careers. Everyone deserves a workplace where they can grow, contribute, and feel valued.

If you want to learn more about how to support autistic people in real life settings, make sure you get Sonia’s book. It is a helpful guide for families, educators, and employers who want to understand autism better and create real change.

Sources

• Cope, R., & others. (2022). The Strengths and Abilities of Autistic People in the Workplace. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8992926/ PMC

• Sarker, O., Jamshaid, M., & Babar, M. A. (2025). Inclusive Employment Pathways: Career Success Factors for Autistic Individuals in Software Engineering. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/html/2508.09680v1 arXiv

• “10 Fulfilling Jobs for Autistic People.” (n.d.). PsychCentral. https://psychcentral.com/autism/jobs-for-autistic-people Psych Central
  
  

What Friendship Looks Like When You’re on the Autism Spectrum

Table of Contents

Intro

Understanding the Spectrum Beyond the Stereotypes

The Challenge and Beauty of Friendships on the Spectrum

Life Lessons from the Spectrum

Empowerment through Storytelling

What We Can All Learn, Even If We’re Not on the Spectrum

Conclusion

What Friendship Looks Like When You’re on the Autism Spectrum

In this episode of On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories, host Sonia Krishna Chand sits down with Marccella Gonzalez for a real and open chat. Both women are on the autism spectrum, and they talk about what friendship, life lessons, and personal growth look like for them.

This is not a formal or clinical discussion. It feels more like two friends sharing what life is really like, the good and the hard parts. They laugh, reflect, and remind listeners that it’s okay to be different.

The conversation shows how powerful it is when people share their stories. It helps others feel seen and understood.

So what happens when two autistic women sit down to talk about friendship and growth? You get honesty, laughter, and lessons that anyone can learn from, whether they are neurodivergent or not.

Understanding the Spectrum Beyond the Stereotypes

When people hear the word autism, many still imagine only one kind of person or behavior. But the truth is, autism looks different for everyone. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) simply means a different way of seeing, feeling, and interacting with the world. It is not an illness that needs to be cured. It is not something broken. It is a part of how a person’s brain works and how they experience life.

In the podcast, Sonia Krishna Chand and Marccella Gonzalez talk about this with honesty and warmth. They both believe that autism is part of who they are, not something to fix or hide. Instead of seeing it as a weakness, they see it as a part of their identity that brings both challenges and strengths. For example, someone on the spectrum might notice details others miss, feel emotions deeply, or have a strong sense of honesty and creativity. These are qualities to value and celebrate.

One important part of their discussion is something called masking. Masking happens when autistic people try to hide their true behaviors or feelings in order to fit into social situations. They might copy how others talk, laugh at the right times, or pretend to be comfortable when they are actually overwhelmed. While masking can help them get through certain moments, it can also be exhausting. Over time, it can lead to anxiety, stress, and even burnout because it takes so much energy to pretend to be someone else.

Sonia and Marccella explain that learning to understand yourself is the first step toward peace and confidence. When you know what makes you comfortable, what triggers stress, and what brings you joy, you can live more freely. Self-understanding helps you build a life that fits who you are instead of forcing yourself into spaces that do not feel right.

Their conversation reminds listeners that autism is not about limits. It is about learning how your unique mind works and allowing yourself to live truthfully. Once that happens, acceptance becomes easier, and life begins to feel lighter and more authentic.

The Challenge and Beauty of Friendships on the Spectrum

Friendship can be a beautiful part of life, but for people on the autism spectrum, it often comes with its own set of challenges and lessons. In the podcast, Sonia and Marccella talk about how friendships are not always easy to form or maintain, yet they are deeply meaningful when they work. Their conversation paints a real and heartfelt picture of what friendship looks like through an autistic lens.

A. Making and Maintaining Friendships

For many autistic people, social expectations can be confusing or even draining. Things that seem simple to others, like knowing when to speak, how to respond to jokes, or when to hug someone, may not always come naturally. Sonia and Marccella explain that friendship for them is not something that just happens automatically. It requires effort, honesty, and mutual respect.

Here are a few reasons why forming and keeping friendships can feel challenging:

• Difficulty reading social cues: It can be hard to tell when someone is joking, serious, or upset.

• Misunderstandings: A straightforward comment might be taken the wrong way, or silence might be seen as disinterest when it’s actually just comfort in quietness.

• Need for alone time: Social interactions can take a lot of energy, so many autistic people need time to rest and recharge afterward.

Despite these challenges, both women share that friendship can still be deeply fulfilling. When people communicate clearly and accept each other’s differences, friendships can grow stronger and more genuine.

B. When Friendships Change or Fade

Sometimes friendships drift apart, and that can be painful for anyone. But for someone on the spectrum, it can feel especially confusing or heavy. Sonia and Marccella talk about how easy it is to blame yourself when a friendship ends. You might replay conversations in your mind, wondering what you did wrong.

They remind listeners that part of growing up is learning to let go of guilt. Friendships change for many reasons, and it is not always anyone’s fault. Instead of feeling ashamed or defeated, they encourage focusing on boundaries and self-care. It is okay to recognize when a friendship no longer feels healthy or when you need space. Learning without guilt means understanding that taking care of yourself is not selfish.

C. Finding Safe and Supportive Connections

One of the most powerful points in the conversation is about finding community. Sonia and Marccella describe how connecting with other autistic people feels freeing. There is comfort in being around people who understand your experiences without you having to explain or hide parts of yourself.

They talk about how shared stories can heal and bring people together. When one person speaks openly about their challenges or joys, it gives others the courage to do the same. As Sonia beautifully says, “When we share our stories, we realize we’re not alone.”

Friendship, in the end, is not about fitting into a mold. It is about finding people who make you feel seen, respected, and accepted just as you are. For autistic individuals, these friendships might take time to build, but they are often some of the most genuine and lasting ones of all.

The conversation between Sonia and Marccella is full of wisdom and gentle reminders about what it means to truly know and accept yourself. Through their personal stories, they share lessons that go beyond autism. These are lessons about self-acceptance, balance, and living life in a way that feels right for you.

Life Lessons from the Spectrum

The conversation between Sonia and Marccella is full of wisdom and gentle reminders about what it means to truly know and accept yourself. Through their personal stories, they share lessons that go beyond autism. These are lessons about self-acceptance, balance, and living life in a way that feels right for you.

A. Self-Acceptance Is a Process

Sonia and Marccella both remind listeners that self-acceptance does not happen in one day. It is a process that takes time, patience, and a lot of self-discovery. They explain that understanding your personal triggers, needs, and strengths is the first step. Once you begin to see what works for you and what doesn’t, life becomes a little easier to manage.

For example, you might realize that certain environments make you anxious or that too much noise overwhelms you. Knowing these things helps you make choices that protect your peace. Both women also talk about celebrating small wins, like getting through a social event comfortably or finding a new coping tool that helps.

They also discuss unmasking, which means slowly learning to stop hiding your true self to please others. Unmasking safely means choosing environments and people who make you feel safe to be yourself. This kind of acceptance grows over time, but every small step counts.

B. Coping Strategies that Work

Throughout the episode, Sonia and Marccella share practical ways to handle everyday challenges. They don’t claim to have all the answers, but their advice comes from real experience. Here are some of the coping strategies they talk about or imply:

1. Build routines that respect your sensory needs: Having structure helps reduce anxiety. This could mean planning quiet time after work, avoiding bright or noisy spaces, or keeping familiar items that bring comfort.

2. Communicate boundaries clearly: Let friends and family know what makes you comfortable and what doesn’t. Being honest about your needs can help prevent misunderstandings and build stronger, more respectful relationships.

3. Give yourself permission to rest: It is perfectly okay to say no to social events or take breaks when you need them. Resting is not laziness. It is a form of self-care that helps you stay balanced and emotionally healthy.

These small but powerful strategies show that managing life on the spectrum is about creating habits that support who you are, not forcing yourself to live like everyone else.

C. Redefining “Normal”

One of the most inspiring messages in their discussion is the idea of redefining what “normal” means. Sonia and Marccella remind us that there is no single way to live or make friends. Everyone’s version of happiness and success looks different.

For them, thriving does not mean fitting in or following what society expects. It means living a life that feels true, peaceful, and fulfilling. It means having friendships that accept differences, routines that bring comfort, and goals that reflect your personal journey.

Their message is clear: being different does not make you less. It just means your path looks unique, and that is something to be proud of.

Empowerment through Storytelling

One of the most powerful parts of Sonia and Marccella’s conversation is how their stories create space for others to be seen and understood. When people on the autism spectrum share their experiences, they do more than tell personal stories. They help others learn, feel less alone, and challenge the stereotypes that have existed for too long.

For a long time, autistic voices, especially those of women, have not been heard enough. Many women on the spectrum are underdiagnosed or misunderstood, often because their symptoms look different from what people expect. Some learn to “mask” so well that others don’t realize how hard they are working just to fit in. By speaking openly, Sonia and Marccella give those silent experiences a voice. They show that autism has many faces, and each one deserves to be recognized and respected.

Their conversation also highlights the importance of visibility and representation. When more autistic people, particularly women, share their stories, it helps change how society understands autism. It teaches both neurodivergent and neurotypical communities that there is no single way to be “normal.” Everyone has a unique story, and every story matters.

Being open about personal struggles and growth builds empathy. It allows others to listen without judgment and encourages honesty about things that are often kept hidden. Sonia and Marccella’s openness helps others feel safe to be themselves, too. When people hear stories that reflect their own experiences, it can bring relief, hope, and confidence.

Their message is simple but strong: every time someone tells their story, they make it easier for the next person to do the same. As Sonia beautifully puts it,
“When you tell your story, you’re not just helping yourself. You’re lighting the path for someone else.”

What We Can All Learn, Even If We’re Not on the Spectrum

Even if you are not on the autism spectrum, there is so much to learn from Sonia and Marccella’s conversation. Their stories are not only about autism but about being human — learning, growing, and trying to connect with others in an honest way. The lessons they share can help anyone build better, kinder relationships.

Here are some of the universal lessons from their talk:

1. Be patient with differences

Everyone experiences the world differently. Some people may take longer to respond, need more space, or communicate in a way that feels unfamiliar. Instead of rushing to judge or correct, practice patience. Give people time to express themselves. You never know what they might be dealing with inside.

2. Listen more than you assume

Sometimes we think we know what someone is feeling or trying to say, but we don’t always get it right. Sonia and Marccella remind us that listening with an open heart matters more than assuming we already understand. Ask questions, pay attention, and be willing to learn from others’ experiences.

3. Friendship isn’t about sameness; it’s about respect and understanding

The strongest friendships are not built on being exactly alike. They grow when people accept and appreciate each other’s differences. Real connection happens when we respect boundaries, honor feelings, and show up with kindness.

Their stories encourage us to see friendship and human connection in a new light. Every person you meet has a unique way of thinking, feeling, and expressing love. When you approach relationships with empathy and curiosity, you open the door to deeper understanding.

Whether or not you are on the spectrum, we can all try to make the world a gentler place — one where people feel safe to be themselves and where friendship is built on care, not perfection.

Conclusion

Sonia and Marccella’s conversation is a beautiful reminder of what courage looks like. It takes strength to speak openly about personal experiences, especially in a world that often misunderstands what it means to live on the autism spectrum. By sharing their stories, they give hope and confidence to others who may be walking a similar path.

Their honesty shows that autism is not a limitation. It is simply a different way of seeing and experiencing the world. Through their words, we learn that friendship, self-acceptance, and growth look different for everyone, and that is perfectly okay. Their stories prove that every person, no matter how they think or feel, has something valuable to bring into the world.

At its heart, this conversation is not just about autism. It is about what it means to be human, learning, connecting, and embracing who we truly are.

If you enjoyed this reflection and want to hear the full conversation, listen to the podcast episode “Just Two Girls Discussing Autism Spectrum Disorder, Friendships, and Navigating Life Lessons” on On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories with Sonia Krishna Chand.

Breaking the Stigma of ABA

Table of Contents

Intro

Understanding the Stigma Around ABA

Reframing ABA: From Control to Collaboration

The Power of Lived Experience in Practice

What Ethical ABA Looks Like

Bridging the Gap: Practitioners and the Neurodivergent Community

Practical Takeaways for Parents, Practitioners, and Neurodivergent Individuals

Why This Conversation Matters

Conclusion

Breaking the Stigma of ABA

If you’ve ever heard about Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), you probably know it’s a type of therapy often used to support people on the autism spectrum. In simple terms, ABA focuses on understanding behaviors—why they happen—and finding ways to teach helpful skills or replace harmful habits.

But here’s the thing: ABA isn’t without controversy. Some families say it’s changed their lives for the better, helping their children communicate, build confidence, and thrive. Others, especially many autistic adults, share painful experiences from older methods of ABA that felt too rigid or focused more on “fixing” them instead of supporting who they truly are.

That’s why it’s time to have a fresh, honest conversation about what ABA really is and what it can be when done with respect and compassion.

Understanding the Stigma Around ABA

To understand why so many people have mixed feelings about ABA, it helps to look at where it all began. When ABA first became popular, it was often used in a way that focused mainly on compliance. The goal was to get autistic children to act more “typical” by rewarding certain behaviors and discouraging others.

While this approach sometimes produced quick results, it also came at a cost. Many people who went through early ABA describe feeling like they were being trained rather than supported. They were praised for making eye contact or sitting still, but not always for expressing their true feelings or being themselves. Over time, this created lasting emotional pain for some.

Today, a lot of neurodivergent adults who experienced those older methods are speaking up. They talk about how ABA made them feel like who they were was wrong or something that needed to be fixed. For many, that experience left deep scars and has shaped how they view the therapy even now.

It’s important to listen to these stories and take them seriously. Acknowledging this pain is not about blaming anyone. It’s about understanding what went wrong so the same mistakes aren’t repeated. Only when we truly recognize and validate those experiences can trust be rebuilt between the autism community and the professionals who want to help.

In the episode, Britney and Ashton talk candidly about how ABA’s past shaped today’s stigma. Hear their personal take here.

Reframing ABA: From Control to Collaboration

One of the biggest messages Britney and Ashton shared in the podcast is that ABA needs to move away from control and toward collaboration. In the past, many ABA programs were built around strict rules and compliance. The therapist decided what behaviors were “good” or “bad,” and the goal was to shape the person to fit into what society considered “normal.”

But the modern approach they describe is completely different. Instead of trying to control how someone behaves, it focuses on working with the person to understand their needs, motivations, and feelings. Collaboration and consent are at the center of this new way of thinking.

Britney and Ashton explain that true progress happens when the person receiving support feels seen and respected. It means giving them a voice in their own therapy and allowing them to make choices about what they want to work on. For example, rather than focusing on reducing “hand flapping” or “avoiding stimming,” a therapist might ask, “What helps you feel calm when you’re overwhelmed?” or “Would you like to find other ways to express that feeling?” This simple shift transforms therapy from being about control to being about empowerment.

They also highlight the importance of person-centered goals. Every individual is unique, and so are their challenges and strengths. ABA should focus on skills that truly improve quality of life, like learning how to communicate needs clearly, manage emotions, build social confidence, or handle daily routines more independently. When goals are meaningful and relevant, therapy feels supportive rather than restrictive.

Another key point they emphasize is transparency. Families and clients should always know what is being done, why it is being done, and how progress is measured. Open communication builds trust and helps everyone feel like part of the same team.

As Britney and Ashton put it in the podcast, “ABA should be about supporting someone’s quality of life, not forcing them to fit a mold.” Their message is clear: when ABA is built on respect, consent, and collaboration, it becomes more than therapy—it becomes a partnership that helps people thrive.

The Power of Lived Experience in Practice

One of the most powerful things about the conversation in Breaking the Stigma of ABA is that both guests, Britney Smith and Ashton Benedikt, bring something very special to the table—lived experience. Britney has ADHD, and Ashton is autistic. This means they don’t just understand ABA from textbooks or training manuals; they understand it from the inside out. They know what it feels like to be neurodivergent, to see the world differently, and to sometimes struggle in environments that aren’t built for that difference.

Their personal experiences give them a unique kind of empathy that can’t be taught in a classroom. When Britney works with someone who finds it hard to focus, she knows firsthand how it feels when your brain moves faster than your surroundings. When Ashton supports an autistic child who’s struggling with sensory overload, he understands what it’s like when certain sounds or lights become too much. This shared understanding helps them connect on a deeper level with their clients and build trust more easily.

They also help bridge an important gap that often exists between practitioners and the neurodivergent community. In the past, many therapies were developed and led by people who weren’t neurodivergent themselves. This sometimes created a disconnect, because the therapy might have been based on assumptions rather than real experiences. Britney and Ashton are helping to change that. Their voices show that neurodivergent professionals can shape the field from the inside, making it more respectful, informed, and compassionate.

They believe that neurodivergent voices are essential in shaping ethical ABA. When people who have actually lived through these challenges help design and deliver therapy, the approach becomes more authentic. It becomes less about “fixing” someone and more about supporting them to live comfortably and confidently as who they are.

Their stories remind us that ABA doesn’t have to be one-sided. It can be a shared journey, built on mutual understanding and respect.

What Ethical ABA Looks Like

When Britney and Ashton talk about ethical ABA, they’re not just talking about following rules or meeting professional standards. They’re talking about creating a kind of therapy that honors the person’s humanity, individuality, and freedom to make choices. To them, ethics in ABA means treating the person not as a project to be “fixed,” but as a whole human being who deserves respect and understanding.

A big part of ethical practice is respecting autonomy and self-determination. This means giving people the power to make choices about their own therapy. For example, a therapist might ask, “What do you want to work on?” or “Does this goal feel helpful to you?” Instead of forcing progress that feels uncomfortable, they work together to set goals that actually matter to the person.

Another key part of ethical ABA is checking in regularly about how things are going. Britney and Ashton stress that therapy shouldn’t be something that’s just done to someone. It should be done with them. This means regularly asking for feedback: “Do you like how this is going?” “Is there something you want to change?” These small conversations build trust and make sure the person feels heard throughout the process.

They also point out the importance of avoiding masking. Masking happens when a neurodivergent person tries to hide their natural behaviors to appear more “normal.” While this might make them fit in better for a moment, it often leads to burnout, anxiety, and low self-esteem in the long run. Ethical ABA supports people in understanding and managing their behaviors in ways that feel authentic, rather than teaching them to hide who they are.

Finally, Britney and Ashton emphasize that success should be measured by comfort, growth, and happiness, not just compliance. Progress isn’t only about reducing behaviors or meeting targets, it’s about helping someone feel more capable, confident, and understood.

Bridging the Gap: Practitioners and the Neurodivergent Community

One of the challenges in ABA today is that many providers are not neurodivergent themselves. While they may be highly trained and well-intentioned, this difference in perspective can sometimes create a trust gap between the therapist and the person receiving support. People may feel misunderstood or that their experiences are overlooked, which can make therapy feel less effective or even stressful.

Britney and Ashton point out that bridging this gap requires open dialogue and the active inclusion of neurodivergent perspectives. Therapy works best when it is a true partnership, where the voices of those receiving support are valued just as much as the professional knowledge of the therapist. This means listening closely, asking questions, and making space for neurodivergent people to share their experiences and preferences.

Clinics and families can take practical steps to create these partnerships. For example, therapists can hold regular check-ins not only with parents but also directly with the person receiving ABA to ask how things are going. Families can encourage their loved ones to speak up about what is and isn’t working for them. Together, this helps everyone feel included in goal-setting and decision-making.

It also helps to involve neurodivergent professionals in staff training or program development. Their insight can shape therapy approaches that are more ethical, effective, and compassionate. The result is a therapy environment built on mutual respect and understanding, rather than a one-sided process where the provider dictates everything.

By creating these bridges, ABA can evolve into a practice that genuinely supports the person’s needs and celebrates their individuality. When therapists and clients work together, guided by empathy and shared decision-making, trust grows, outcomes improve, and therapy becomes a truly empowering experience.

Want to hear how Britney and Ashton are building that bridge in real life? Listen to their full conversation here.

Practical Takeaways for Parents, Practitioners, and Neurodivergent Individuals

After listening to Britney and Ashton’s discussion in the podcast, it’s clear that ABA works best when everyone involved feels seen, respected, and included. Here are some practical takeaways for different groups to help make therapy more effective and empowering.

For Parents

Parents play a crucial role in supporting their child’s ABA journey. Instead of simply following a plan, you can be an active partner by asking the right questions and advocating for your child’s voice.

• Ask how goals are chosen: Are they based on your child’s interests, needs, and comfort, or only on compliance?

• Include your child’s perspective: Encourage your child to share their feelings about the therapy and what they want to work on.

• Check in regularly: Ask for updates on progress and discuss whether the goals still feel relevant and meaningful.

• Observe the environment: Notice if your child seems stressed, anxious, or genuinely enjoying sessions. Comfort matters as much as skill-building.

For Practitioners

ABA practitioners can make therapy more effective and ethical by staying flexible and including neurodivergent input.

• Invite feedback: Ask clients and families how the therapy is working for them. Adjust plans based on their responses.

• Focus on meaningful progress: Measure success by improvements in independence, confidence, and quality of life—not just task completion.

• Avoid one-size-fits-all approaches: Tailor goals and interventions to each person’s needs, strengths, and preferences.

• Continue learning: Stay informed about neurodiversity, ethical practices, and evolving strategies that respect autonomy and individuality.

For Neurodivergent Individuals

If you are receiving ABA therapy, it is your right to have a voice and participate in decisions about your care.

• Speak up: Share your preferences, needs, and concerns with your therapist. Your input matters.

• Choose providers carefully: Look for therapists who treat you as a partner and respect your individuality, rather than someone they are trying to change.

• Know your goals: Make sure the therapy supports what you want to achieve in daily life, comfort, and self-expression.

• Ask for clarity: Understand what each exercise or session is meant to accomplish and how it benefits you.

By following these practical steps, therapy can become more collaborative, respectful, and truly supportive of the person’s growth. ABA works best when it is a partnership built on communication, trust, and shared goals.

For more tips and insights directly from Britney and Ashton, listen to the full episode here.

Why This Conversation Matters

It is important to remember that ABA is not inherently bad. The therapy itself is a tool that can help people learn skills, communicate better, and live more independently. The problems arise when ABA is applied in ways that do not respect the person receiving it. That is why conversations like the one Britney and Ashton had in the podcast are so important. They help us understand how ABA can evolve to be more ethical, supportive, and person-centered.

This conversation also connects to a bigger movement: neurodiversity-affirming care. In simple terms, neurodiversity-affirming care means recognizing that differences in how people think, learn, and experience the world are not flaws to fix, but part of human diversity. Supporting someone in a way that respects who they are is not just about therapy—it is about social change. It challenges old ideas that people must conform to a standard and promotes acceptance, understanding, and inclusion.

Britney and Ashton make it clear that real progress happens when therapy supports individuality, autonomy, and respect. It is not just about reducing behaviors or meeting goals. It is about helping people grow in ways that matter to them, feel confident in their own skin, and develop skills that improve their daily lives. Therapy should empower the person, not control them.

By listening to their insights, parents, practitioners, and neurodivergent individuals can all learn how to make ABA better. It is about shifting the focus from control to collaboration, from compliance to respect, and from fitting in to thriving as oneself.

To hear more about why this conversation is so important and how ABA can change for the better, listen to the full episode here.

Conclusion: Let’s Keep the Conversation Going

ABA therapy has often been misunderstood. As Britney and Ashton explain in the podcast, it can be empowering when done ethically, collaboratively, and respectfully. When therapy focuses on supporting individuality, listening to the person receiving care, and creating meaningful goals, it becomes a tool for growth, confidence, and independence rather than control.

This conversation matters because it reminds us that change is possible. By including neurodivergent voices, practicing transparency, and focusing on quality of life rather than compliance, ABA can evolve into a practice that truly respects and supports the people it aims to help.

If you want to understand more about what ethical, person-centered ABA looks like, and hear real-life stories from neurodivergent professionals, the podcast is the perfect place to start. 

Hear the full story and join the conversation on the podcast here.

What It Means to be Autistic: Mona’s Story

Table of Contents

Intro

Early Understanding: Embracing Her Unique Mind

Breaking Barriers in Education

Thriving in Her Career — From Student to Financial Analyst

Advocacy and Giving Back — Turning Experience into Empowerment

The Power of Positivity — Choosing Mindset Over Fear

Representation and Hope

Conclusion

What It Means to Be on the Autistic: Mona’s Story

For a long time, many people have thought of autism as something that limits what a person can do. But stories like Mona’s remind us that being on the spectrum can also be a strength. It can mean seeing the world in a unique way, thinking differently, and finding creative solutions that others might miss.

Mona Israel is one of those people who turned her diagnosis into a story of empowerment. Instead of letting autism define her, she decided to understand it, embrace it, and use it to her advantage. Her journey is one filled with courage, self-awareness, and purpose.

In this blog, we’ll explore how Mona learned to accept who she is and how that acceptance opened doors to success in school, work, and life. She found her voice as a financial analyst, tutor, and advocate for others on the spectrum. Through every step, she has shown that being different is not something to hide from—it’s something to celebrate.

Early Understanding: Embracing Her Unique Mind

From a young age, Mona noticed that she experienced the world a little differently from those around her. The way she processed sounds, emotions, and information didn’t always match what others expected. While some people might have seen that as strange or difficult, Mona was naturally curious about why she felt that way.

As she grew older and learned more about autism, things started to make sense. The pieces of her story began to fit together. She started to realize that her mind wasn’t “wrong” or “broken.” It was simply wired in a way that helped her see life through a special lens. She began to notice her strengths — her ability to focus deeply, her creativity, and her unique way of solving problems. What once made her feel out of place became the very thing that made her stand out.

Understanding her autism became a turning point. It helped her stop comparing herself to others and start appreciating her own rhythm. Instead of asking, “Why am I like this?” she began to ask, “How can I use this to grow?” That shift in thinking changed everything.

Self-awareness became Mona’s foundation for empowerment. The more she learned about how her brain worked, the more confident she became in navigating school, relationships, and life decisions. She realized that understanding herself was not just about labels or diagnosis — it was about recognizing her value and using her strengths intentionally.

The biggest lesson from this part of Mona’s journey is simple but powerful: when you understand how your mind works, you stop fighting yourself. You start seeing your differences as gifts that can help you grow, create, and connect in meaningful ways.

Breaking Barriers in Education

School was one of the biggest testing grounds for Mona. Like many students on the autism spectrum, she didn’t always fit into the traditional way of learning. Teachers and classmates often misunderstood her quiet nature or unique way of processing information. Some assumed she wasn’t paying attention, while others simply underestimated what she was capable of. Those moments were hard. They made her question herself at times, but they also sparked something inside her — a deep determination to prove that her differences did not define her limits.

Mona faced more than just academic challenges. There were social struggles too, moments when group work felt overwhelming or when the noise of a classroom made it hard to concentrate. Yet, through it all, she found her own rhythm. She learned how to advocate for herself, ask for support when needed, and create study habits that worked best for her learning style. Instead of trying to be like everyone else, she focused on being the best version of herself.

Her perseverance paid off. Mona graduated high school, a milestone that felt even more meaningful because of what it represented — not just grades on paper, but resilience, growth, and self-belief. Moving forward into higher education and professional training, she continued to challenge stereotypes. Each step became a reminder that success does not look the same for everyone.

Mona’s journey shows that education for autistic students is not about forcing them to fit into rigid systems. It is about creating spaces where they can thrive. Every student deserves to learn in an environment that recognizes their strengths and gives them the tools to shine.

When schools shift their focus from what students lack to what they bring to the table, amazing things happen. Mona’s story proves that with patience, understanding, and the right support, barriers can be broken and potential can bloom.

Thriving in Her Career — From Student to Financial Analyst

After years of learning to understand herself and embrace her strengths, Mona carried that same determination into her career. She chose a path that matched her natural abilities — becoming a financial analyst. It’s a job that requires focus, precision, and strong logical thinking, qualities that come naturally to many people on the autism spectrum.

For Mona, numbers made sense in a way that words sometimes didn’t. She found comfort in patterns, structure, and clear problem-solving. Where others might find spreadsheets and data overwhelming, Mona saw order and possibility. Her attention to detail helped her spot trends that others missed, and her love for routines made her incredibly reliable at work.

But what really makes Mona’s story inspiring is how she turned her personal journey into something that helps others. Outside her role as a financial analyst, she also works as a tutor for neurodivergent children. She helps kids who think and learn differently discover their own potential.

Here are a few ways Mona supports them:

1. Building Confidence: She reminds each child that being different is not something to hide, but something to celebrate.

2. Teaching Practical Strategies: Mona helps her students find learning methods that fit how their minds work — whether it’s using visuals, routines, or breaking big tasks into smaller steps.

3. Encouraging Self-Acceptance: She shares her own story to show that success doesn’t come from trying to fit in, but from using your unique strengths.

Through her tutoring, Mona sees herself in her students — the same curiosity, the same struggles, and the same potential waiting to bloom. She often says that helping others understand their minds has also helped her appreciate her own even more.

The big takeaway from Mona’s career journey is simple but powerful: success doesn’t mean changing who you are; it means using who you are to your advantage. Her story reminds us that when we stop trying to “fix” our differences and start using them as strengths, we open the door to true success and fulfillment.

Advocacy and Giving Back — Turning Experience into Empowerment

Mona’s journey didn’t stop at personal success. Once she found her confidence and voice, she decided to use it to make a difference. For her, advocacy isn’t just about raising awareness — it’s about helping others feel seen, understood, and valued for who they are.

Today, Mona is passionate about sharing her story publicly. She speaks at events, mentors other neurodivergent individuals, and uses social media to spread honest messages about autism. Through her openness, she’s helping to change the way people think about what it means to be autistic, especially when it comes to women.

Mona often points out that many women on the spectrum are misunderstood or go undiagnosed for years. They learn to mask their traits or overcompensate to fit in, which can be exhausting and isolating. By talking openly about her experiences, Mona is breaking that silence. She wants others to know that autism doesn’t have one face or one story — it’s a spectrum that looks different for everyone.

Beyond her advocacy talks, Mona has also found creative ways to share her message. She’s a content creator and podcaster, using digital platforms to reach people who might not have access to in-person support. Through her podcast, she talks about topics like mental health, neurodiversity, and self-acceptance. Her goal is to show that autism isn’t a barrier to success — it’s simply part of a unique life journey.

What makes Mona’s advocacy powerful is her authenticity. She doesn’t try to present a perfect version of life; instead, she’s honest about the ups and downs. She believes that storytelling can heal, inspire, and empower others to embrace their true selves.

In the On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories podcast episode, Mona talks about how sharing her story became a form of giving back. She remembers how lost she once felt before finding her community and hopes her words can be that light for someone else.

Her message is clear: empowerment comes from understanding yourself and helping others do the same. By turning her personal challenges into a platform for awareness and compassion, Mona is proving that advocacy isn’t just about speaking — it’s about connecting, educating, and reminding others that their differences are worth celebrating.

The Power of Positivity — Choosing Mindset Over Fear

One of the most inspiring parts of Mona’s story is her mindset. She truly believes that positivity and self-belief can change your life. For her, living with autism hasn’t been about avoiding fear or pretending everything is easy — it’s about learning how to face challenges with faith, confidence, and a hopeful attitude.

Mona often says that our thoughts shape our reality. When she was younger, she sometimes doubted herself or felt like she didn’t belong. There were moments when people underestimated her or questioned what she could do. But over time, she realized that letting fear or doubt control her only made things harder. Instead of focusing on what others thought, she started focusing on what she could do — and that shift changed everything.

She learned to silence that inner voice that said, “You’re not enough,” and replaced it with a stronger one that said, “You are capable. You are worthy. You can do this.” This wasn’t an overnight change; it took practice, patience, and a lot of self-reflection. But Mona discovered that positivity is a choice, one she could make every single day — especially on the tough ones.

Here are some simple but powerful lessons inspired by Mona’s outlook:

• Believe in yourself even when others don’t. You know your potential better than anyone else. Trust your abilities and keep showing up for yourself.

• Surround yourself with people who see your potential. The right people can lift you up, encourage you, and remind you of your worth when you forget it.

• Celebrate progress, not perfection. Growth isn’t about doing everything right — it’s about moving forward, even if it’s one small step at a time.

Mona’s story reminds us that positivity isn’t pretending everything is fine. It’s choosing hope over fear, even when things are uncertain. It’s looking at your challenges and saying, “I can still create something beautiful from this.”

Her message is simple but powerful: growth begins when you stop apologizing for who you are. When you accept yourself fully — the strengths, the quirks, the imperfections — you open the door to real confidence and peace.

Representation and Hope

Mona’s story is more than just her personal journey. It has become a source of hope and encouragement for many people, especially those on the autism spectrum who might feel unseen, misunderstood, or underestimated.

For a long time, society has painted a very narrow picture of what autism looks like. Many people imagine a certain type of personality or behavior, and that limited view leaves out so many others, especially women. Mona’s life challenges that picture. She shows that being autistic does not mean being limited. Instead, it can mean being focused, determined, and full of potential.

By sharing her story openly, Mona helps others see that there is no single way to be autistic. She represents what confidence, intelligence, and resilience look like through a different lens. When people hear about her work as a financial analyst, a tutor, and an advocate, they begin to understand that autism is not a barrier to success. It is simply one part of who someone is.

Representation matters because it allows others to see what is possible. For young women or girls on the spectrum, seeing someone like Mona succeed in professional spaces can be life-changing. It tells them, “You belong here too.” It shows them that their dreams are valid and achievable. When we see ourselves reflected in others’ stories, it gives us the courage to step forward and try.

Mona’s journey also helps break down stereotypes. Instead of viewing autism through a lens of limitation, her story encourages people to look at it through a lens of strength and potential. She teaches others that everyone’s brain works differently, and those differences can create new ways of thinking, solving problems, and making an impact.

In the podcast episode, Mona shares a simple but powerful truth: “You can do anything you set your heart and mind to.” Those words carry deep meaning. They remind listeners that no matter what challenges they face, their mindset, effort, and belief in themselves can open doors.

Mona’s courage to share her truth has ripple effects. It inspires families to see the strengths in their children. It gives hope to adults on the spectrum who are still finding their path. And it challenges the world to see neurodiversity not as something to “fix” but as something to celebrate.

Conclusion

Mona’s story is a beautiful reminder that being on the spectrum is not about limitation but about possibility. Her journey shows that life with autism can be filled with creativity, determination, and incredible strength. What makes her story so powerful is how she chose to see her uniqueness as something valuable, not something to hide.

Through her experiences in school, work, and advocacy, Mona proved that embracing who you are opens doors you never thought possible. She didn’t wait for the world to fully understand her before moving forward. Instead, she learned to understand herself first, and that self-awareness became her foundation for success.

If there’s one takeaway from her story, it’s this: You don’t have to change who you are to be successful. The key is to understand yourself, accept your strengths and challenges, and use them to make a difference.

Listen to “Mona’s Autism Journey” on the On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories Podcast to hear Mona’s inspiring story in her own words.

Autism from a Sibling Perspective

Table of Contents

Intro

Childhood Reflections: Learning to See the World Differently

Childhood Reflections

The Pressure of Being the “Other” Sibling

Misunderstandings and Growing Together

From Protection to Empowerment

The Overlooked Sibling

Encouragement for Families

Conclusion

Autism from a Sibling Perspective

When most people talk about autism, the conversation usually centers around the person on the spectrum or their parents. But there’s another side of the story that often goes unnoticed — the experience of siblings. Their journey is filled with love, patience, and moments of quiet understanding, but it can also come with confusion, frustration, and a longing to be seen.

Growing up with a sibling who has autism teaches lessons that go far beyond what you’ll ever find in a book. It shapes how you see the world, how you love, and how you understand differences. For many siblings, it’s a mix of joy and challenge — learning how to communicate in new ways, celebrating every small victory, and finding strength in unexpected places.

On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories podcast, Lauren Erickson opens up about her life as the sister of someone with autism. She shares what it was like to grow up learning, adapting, and finding her place in a family where love took many forms. Her story is honest, heartfelt, and deeply relatable for anyone who’s ever walked beside a loved one with special needs.

Childhood Reflections: Learning to See the World Differently

Lauren’s childhood didn’t look like most of her friends’. While other kids might have had easy-going mornings or typical family outings, hers often required more planning, patience, and understanding. Her sibling’s autism shaped the rhythm of their home — from the sounds and routines to the way love was expressed.

As a young girl, Lauren didn’t fully understand what autism meant. She only knew that her brother or sister saw the world in a different way. At first, there was confusion. She noticed that her sibling didn’t always respond the way she expected, avoided eye contact, or got upset over things that seemed small to her. But instead of frustration turning into resentment, curiosity began to take over. She started asking questions, watching closely, and slowly learning what brought her sibling comfort or joy.

Daily life for Lauren’s family was filled with unique routines. Simple things like going to the store, eating at a restaurant, or attending a birthday party could be unpredictable. There were days when plans had to change suddenly or when public outings ended early. But over time, Lauren began to see that those adjustments weren’t inconveniences — they were acts of love. They were the family’s way of supporting her sibling’s needs and ensuring everyone felt safe and included.

Through these experiences, Lauren discovered a deeper meaning of love. It wasn’t about perfection or having picture-perfect family moments. It was about showing up, staying patient, and finding joy in the little things. Whether it was celebrating her sibling saying a new word, making it through a day without a meltdown, or simply sharing a quiet moment together, Lauren learned that success could look different — and that was okay.

One of the most beautiful lessons from her childhood was realizing that love doesn’t need to look like anyone else’s version of it. True love, she discovered, grows through patience, presence, and understanding.

In the On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories podcast, Lauren shares touching memories of those early years — how she learned to celebrate every small victory and how her sibling’s unique way of seeing the world helped her grow into a more compassionate, open-hearted person. Through her eyes, we’re reminded that difference is not a barrier to love, but a bridge that deepens it.

Childhood Reflections

Lauren’s childhood didn’t look like most of her friends’. While other kids might have had easy-going mornings or typical family outings, hers often required more planning, patience, and understanding. Her sibling’s autism shaped the rhythm of their home — from the sounds and routines to the way love was expressed.

As a young girl, Lauren didn’t fully understand what autism meant. She only knew that her brother or sister saw the world in a different way. At first, there was confusion. She noticed that her sibling didn’t always respond the way she expected, avoided eye contact, or got upset over things that seemed small to her. But instead of frustration turning into resentment, curiosity began to take over. She started asking questions, watching closely, and slowly learning what brought her sibling comfort or joy.

Daily life for Lauren’s family was filled with unique routines. Simple things like going to the store, eating at a restaurant, or attending a birthday party could be unpredictable. There were days when plans had to change suddenly or when public outings ended early. But over time, Lauren began to see that those adjustments weren’t inconveniences — they were acts of love. They were the family’s way of supporting her sibling’s needs and ensuring everyone felt safe and included.

Through these experiences, Lauren discovered a deeper meaning of love. It wasn’t about perfection or having picture-perfect family moments. It was about showing up, staying patient, and finding joy in the little things. Whether it was celebrating her sibling saying a new word, making it through a day without a meltdown, or simply sharing a quiet moment together, Lauren learned that success could look different — and that was okay.

One of the most beautiful lessons from her childhood was realizing that love doesn’t need to look like anyone else’s version of it. True love, she discovered, grows through patience, presence, and understanding.

On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories podcast, Lauren shares touching memories of those early years — how she learned to celebrate every small victory and how her sibling’s unique way of seeing the world helped her grow into a more compassionate, open-hearted person. Through her eyes, we’re reminded that difference is not a barrier to love, but a bridge that deepens it.

The Pressure of Being the “Other” Sibling

One of the most honest parts of Lauren’s story is when she talks about what it’s like to be the “other” sibling — the one who doesn’t have autism. It’s something that’s rarely discussed, but it’s very real. Many siblings in her position quietly take on an invisible kind of pressure. They feel they have to be the strong one, the easy one, or even the “perfect” one, because their parents already have so much to manage.

Lauren admits she often tried to stay out of the way. She didn’t want to cause extra stress at home, so she learned to keep her feelings to herself. If she was sad or upset, she’d tell herself it wasn’t as important as what her sibling might be going through. Over time, that became a habit — smiling when she didn’t feel okay, holding things in, and trying to be the one who always had it together.

She also felt a quiet pressure to succeed. Somewhere deep down, she believed that if she did well in school, behaved perfectly, or made her parents proud, it would somehow balance things out. It wasn’t something anyone told her directly, it was just something she absorbed over time. Many siblings of children with disabilities feel that same unspoken weight, trying to make up for the challenges their brother or sister faces.

Another layer of pressure came from the need to be strong. Lauren thought she had to be the steady one, the helper, the one who didn’t complain. But inside, she sometimes wished someone would notice her struggles too.

Misunderstandings and Growing Together

Lauren shares that one of the biggest lessons she learned growing up with her sibling on the autism spectrum was how important — and sometimes tricky — communication can be. What seemed simple for most families, like asking how someone’s day went or sharing a joke, could sometimes turn into confusion or frustration at home. Her sibling processed the world differently, and that meant emotions and reactions didn’t always match what she expected.

There were moments when Lauren would say something with kindness, but her sibling might take it the wrong way. Or times when her sibling would shut down completely, and she couldn’t understand why. At first, it was confusing and sometimes even hurtful. She wanted to connect but didn’t always know how. Over time, she realized that her sibling wasn’t being distant — they were simply communicating in their own way.

Lauren started to slow down. Instead of assuming, she began to observe — the tone, the body language, the little signs that showed what her sibling was really feeling. She learned to pause before reacting, to listen more than she spoke, and to meet her sibling where they were, not where she expected them to be.

This shift changed everything. Once she stopped trying to “fix” communication and started learning how her sibling expressed emotions, their bond deepened. Simple things — like sitting quietly together, using humor that worked for both of them, or celebrating small breakthroughs — began to mean so much more.

Lauren says each misunderstanding became an opportunity to grow closer. The more she practiced patience, the more she understood that connection isn’t about perfect words — it’s about genuine effort and love.

The biggest lesson she learned? Understanding someone on the spectrum isn’t about changing them to fit your world. It’s about learning to see through their eyes, speak their language, and appreciate the beauty of connection that doesn’t need to look like everyone else’s.

It’s not always easy, but for Lauren, every challenge brought her closer to her sibling — and helped her see that love really can speak in more ways than one.

From Protection to Empowerment

As Lauren grew older, her role as a sister began to shift in unexpected ways. When she was younger, she often felt protective — always watching out for her sibling, stepping in to prevent misunderstandings, and making sure others treated them kindly. It came from a place of love and care, but over time, she realized that constant protection could also hold her sibling back from discovering their own strength.

Lauren admits that it wasn’t easy to find the balance. She wanted to make life easier for her sibling, especially when people didn’t understand autism or when situations felt overwhelming. But as the years went by, she began to see that protecting too much could send an unintended message — that her sibling needed to be sheltered rather than supported.

In the podcast, Lauren shares that true inclusion means something deeper than just keeping someone safe. It’s about believing in their potential, trusting them to make choices, and letting them experience the world — even if it includes mistakes or challenges. That realization changed how she approached their relationship.

She started focusing less on “helping” and more on “empowering.” Instead of stepping in right away, she’d ask, “Do you want me to help, or do you want to try first?” This small shift gave her sibling space to take ownership of their actions and build confidence. It also taught Lauren to let go of her own need to control every situation.

It wasn’t always smooth. There were moments when stepping back felt uncomfortable, times when she wanted to intervene but chose to wait. But she noticed something beautiful: her sibling began to thrive. They took on new challenges, communicated more clearly, and developed a stronger sense of independence.

Lauren realized that empowerment goes both ways. As her sibling grew in confidence, she did too. She learned that love doesn’t mean doing everything for someone, it means believing they are capable and cheering them on as they grow.

Her biggest takeaway? Sometimes the best way to protect someone is to believe in their strength, even when it’s hard to step back. That’s where true growth — for both siblings — really begins.

The Overlooked Sibling

One of the most powerful parts of Lauren’s story is her honesty about feeling invisible at times. Growing up with a sibling on the autism spectrum often meant that most of the family’s focus naturally went toward meeting that sibling’s needs. Therapies, appointments, and daily routines revolved around making sure her brother or sister was supported — and while Lauren understood why, it sometimes left her quietly wondering, “Do I matter as much?”

She shares that this isn’t about jealousy or resentment. It’s about wanting to be noticed too. Many siblings of children with autism love their brother or sister deeply, but they also experience moments when they feel overlooked. Parents are often stretched thin, trying to balance everything, and siblings like Lauren may choose to stay quiet to avoid adding to the stress.

Lauren remembers bottling up her own emotions — hiding when she felt sad, confused, or even proud — because she didn’t want to “be a problem.” Over time, though, she realized that silence doesn’t make things easier. It only creates distance. What she really needed was reassurance that her feelings mattered too.

This part of her story reminds families of something important: every child in the household deserves to feel seen and valued. When one child’s needs are more visible, it’s easy to unintentionally overlook the quiet strength of the other.

Encouragement for Families

Lauren’s story isn’t just a reflection of her own experience, it’s a gentle reminder for every family walking a similar path. Supporting a child on the autism spectrum takes patience, time, and energy, but it’s just as important to nurture the emotional world of their siblings.

For parents, Lauren’s advice is simple and heartfelt:

• Listen without judgment: Sometimes siblings just need to talk — not for you to fix things, but simply to be heard. Acknowledging their emotions, whether it’s frustration, pride, or confusion, helps them feel validated.

• Give siblings emotional space: Every child needs a little room to process life in their own way. Encourage activities, friendships, or hobbies that belong just to them.

• Encourage open conversations about differences: When families talk openly about autism, it removes confusion and replaces it with understanding. It also helps siblings learn empathy and acceptance naturally.

And for siblings who might be reading this:

Your feelings matter: It’s okay to feel a mix of emotions — love, frustration, pride, and even sadness. You’re human, and that’s part of growing.

• It’s okay to ask for help: Talking to someone — a parent, teacher, or counselor — doesn’t mean you’re weak. It means you care enough to take care of yourself too.

• You are part of the story too: Your role in your sibling’s journey is important, but so is your own journey. You have your own dreams, strengths, and purpose that deserve attention and celebration.

Conclusion

Lauren’s journey reminds us that growing up alongside a sibling with autism is a story of transformation. It’s not always easy, and it’s rarely picture-perfect, but it’s filled with moments that teach patience, empathy, and unconditional love. Through her experiences, Lauren learned that love doesn’t have to look the same for everyone — it grows stronger when we learn to understand and appreciate differences.

Her story also highlights something many families can relate to: the importance of communication and grace. There will be days filled with joy and laughter, and there will be others marked by confusion or exhaustion. But even when things feel hard, love continues to grow when families choose to stay connected, listen deeply, and celebrate each other’s progress, no matter how small.

For anyone walking a similar path, remember — it’s okay not to have all the answers. What matters most is showing up with an open heart and a willingness to learn together. Autism doesn’t just shape one person’s life; it shapes the whole family in beautiful, unexpected ways.

Listen to “Autism from a Sibling Perspective” on the On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories podcast to hear Lauren’s full story and discover how love, patience, and understanding can transform a family.

The Story Behind Caroline’s Cart and Inclusive Shopping

Table of Contents

Intro

It All Started with a Simple “No”

From a Napkin Sketch to a National Movement

Breaking Barriers in Retail Spaces

When Advocacy Turns Into Action

Rethinking What Inclusion Really Means

Lessons from Drew Ann’s Journey

Conclusion

The Story Behind Caroline’s Cart and Inclusive Shopping

What if something as simple as a shopping cart could change how the world sees inclusion? For many families raising children with disabilities, everyday tasks that most people take for granted, like grocery shopping can be emotionally and physically challenging. This is because stores are often not designed with accessibility in mind, and what should be a simple errand can turn into an exhausting experience.

This was the reality for Drew Ann Long, a mother who refused to accept the idea that families like hers had to struggle in silence. When she was told there was no such thing as a special needs shopping cart, she decided to create one herself. What began as a personal solution soon became a nationwide symbol of inclusion and advocacy.

Her invention, Caroline’s Cart, named after her daughter, has transformed shopping for countless families. Today, you can find it in major retail stores like Target, giving parents and caregivers the chance to shop comfortably with their loved ones. But the story behind it is more than a tale of innovation—it’s about determination, love, and the power of one idea to make a difference.

It All Started with a Simple “No”

Sometimes, change begins with a single word. For Drew Ann Long, that word was “no.” When she asked if there were any shopping carts designed for children or adults with special needs, she was told they didn’t exist. It wasn’t just a denial—it was a reminder of how often families like hers were left out of basic parts of everyday life.

That simple “no” hit hard. Imagine being a parent who just wants to include your child in normal experiences like grocery shopping, only to be told there’s no way to do it comfortably or safely. For Drew Ann, this moment was about more than convenience. It was about inclusion, dignity, and belonging.

Her daughter, Caroline, who has special needs, was growing older and bigger. Standard shopping carts were no longer an option, and pushing both a cart and a wheelchair at the same time was nearly impossible. Every trip to the store became a physical and emotional struggle—a reminder that the world wasn’t built with families like hers in mind.

Instead of accepting that reality, Drew Ann made a decision. If such a cart didn’t exist, she would create one herself. That determination marked the beginning of Caroline’s Cart, a life-changing innovation that would later transform accessibility for thousands of families.

In the On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories podcast episode, Drew Ann shares the exact moment this realization hit her—the frustration, the tears, and the sudden spark of determination that pushed her to take action. Her story is a reminder that every “no” can become the start of something powerful when met with courage and creativity.

From a Napkin Sketch to a National Movement

Every big idea starts somewhere, and for Drew Ann Long, it began right at her kitchen table with a napkin and a dream. After being told accessible shopping carts didn’t exist, she refused to let that be the end of the story. Instead, she grabbed a pen and sketched out what would become Caroline’s Cart, a specially designed shopping cart that could comfortably and safely hold older children or adults with disabilities.

It sounds simple now, but in the beginning, almost no one believed it could happen. Drew Ann faced one roadblock after another. Manufacturers turned her down, claiming the idea wasn’t practical or profitable. Retailers doubted there was enough demand, saying it wouldn’t make sense to invest in something for such a “small” group of shoppers. And funding? That was another mountain to climb.

But instead of giving up, Drew Ann used every “no” as fuel. She poured her energy into learning, researching, and reaching out. She connected with other parents who were struggling with the same challenges, and their support kept her going. Together, they became a powerful voice demanding change.

Social media played a huge role in the movement. What started as one mom’s frustration turned into an online community of families sharing stories, pictures, and encouragement. Those posts caught attention and soon, the message grew louder: inclusion matters everywhere, even in the grocery store.

On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories podcast episode, Drew Ann shares how she leaned on her community’s strength when big companies didn’t listen. Her persistence turned what began as a simple napkin sketch into a nationwide symbol of inclusion. What was once a dream at her kitchen table is now a national movement—proof that one determined parent can truly change the world.

Breaking Barriers in Retail Spaces

When Caroline’s Cart finally made its way into major retail stores, it wasn’t just a new piece of equipment, it was a revolution in how families experienced something as ordinary as shopping. For years, parents like Drew Ann Long had been told that inclusion in everyday spaces was too complicated, too expensive, or simply unnecessary. But when stores like Target, Walmart, and other major retailers decided to adopt Caroline’s Cart, that message began to change in a powerful way.

Imagine a parent pushing a cart through the grocery aisle, finally able to shop with their child beside them instead of leaving them at home or struggling to juggle mobility aids. For many families, it was the first time they could go shopping together, not as caregivers managing a challenge, but as families doing something normal and joyful. The cart gave children and adults with disabilities a safe, dignified place to sit, while giving their loved ones the freedom to move through life’s routines with less stress and more connection.

For Drew Ann, seeing the cart in places like Target was deeply emotional. It wasn’t just about the product—it was about representation. The rollout proved that inclusion doesn’t always require big speeches or expensive programs. Sometimes, it’s about listening to real needs and making practical, compassionate changes that allow everyone to participate equally.

Caroline’s Cart also sparked conversations across industries. Retailers who had never thought about accessibility in this way started asking new questions: How can we make our stores more inclusive? How can we better serve families with special needs? It shifted the focus from compliance to compassion, from ticking boxes to truly creating belonging.

The presence of these carts in major stores also sent a message to the public. It said, “You belong here.” It told families who often felt invisible that their experiences matter—that they were seen, understood, and welcomed.

Listen to the podcast episode to hear Drew Ann’s powerful reaction to seeing Caroline’s Cart in Target for the very first time, and why that moment became a symbol of hope and inclusion for families everywhere.

When Advocacy Turns Into Action

For many people, advocacy stops at raising awareness — sharing stories, posting online, or speaking out about important issues. But for Drew Ann Long, awareness was just the beginning. After the incredible success of Caroline’s Cart, she realized that true inclusion doesn’t end with one invention. It grows through ongoing action, connection, and community. That’s what led her to create Caroline’s Cause, a nonprofit dedicated to supporting families and siblings of people with disabilities.

Drew Ann knew firsthand that families like hers needed more than just tools — they needed encouragement, resources, and support systems that make daily life easier. Through Caroline’s Cause, she began focusing on:

• Providing scholarships for siblings of children with disabilities, recognizing how much they contribute to their families’ journeys.

• Offering community outreach programs that bring families together to share experiences and find encouragement.

• Raising awareness in schools, workplaces, and local communities about what true inclusion looks like in action.

Her goal was simple but powerful, to make sure no family feels invisible or unsupported. She wanted to shift the conversation from “Look at what’s wrong” to “Look at what’s possible.”

What’s inspiring about Drew Ann’s advocacy is how personal it remains. She continues to speak from her lived experience as a mother, not just as an inventor or advocate. Her passion comes from knowing what it feels like to walk into a store, a school, or a playground and realize your child wasn’t considered in the design. That perspective fuels everything she does through Caroline’s Cause.

Rethinking What Inclusion Really Means

Inclusion isn’t just a nice idea, it’s a necessity. That’s one of the most powerful lessons Drew Ann Long hopes people take away from her story. Through her journey with Caroline’s Cart, she reminds us that inclusion should never be viewed as “going the extra mile.” It’s about basic human respect and the right for every person to participate in daily life without unnecessary barriers.

For Drew Ann, inclusion means creating spaces that welcome everyone, not just accommodate a few. It’s about designing with empathy from the start, thinking of people with disabilities not as an afterthought, but as part of the community. She often says that when accessibility works for one group, it often helps everyone. And she’s right.

Think about these examples:

• Stores with ramps and wide aisles don’t just help wheelchair users, they make it easier for parents pushing strollers or older adults using walkers.

• Sensory-friendly shopping hours benefit children and adults who find bright lights or loud sounds overwhelming and they create a calmer experience for everyone.

• Adaptive seating and accessible carts, like Caroline’s Cart, allow families to shop together with dignity and ease.

These simple, thoughtful changes aren’t luxuries; they’re reflections of respect and understanding.

On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories podcast, Drew Ann talks about how important it is for companies, schools, and communities to move from awareness to action. Inclusion isn’t just a buzzword,it’s a mindset that starts with empathy. When businesses and individuals start asking, “Who might feel left out?” and “What can we do to make this better?” — that’s when real progress happens.

She challenges all of us to think beyond our own experiences. Whether you’re a parent, teacher, business owner, or friend, there’s always a way to make the spaces around you more inclusive. It could be as simple as advocating for better accessibility in your local store or supporting policies that promote inclusive design in public spaces.

Ultimately, rethinking inclusion means recognizing that everyone deserves to belong — not as an exception, but as the rule. Drew Ann’s story shows that when we include people fully, we don’t just make life better for them — we make the world better for all of us.

To hear Drew Ann’s inspiring reflections on what true inclusion means, tune in to her full interview on the On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories podcast.

Lessons from Drew Ann’s Journey

Drew Ann Long’s story is full of powerful lessons that remind us how everyday determination can change the world. Her journey from a frustrated mom to a national advocate for inclusion shows what’s possible when one person refuses to give up.

1. Persistence pays off

When Drew Ann was told there was no such thing as a special needs shopping cart, she could have accepted it and moved on. But instead, she decided to create one. It wasn’t easy — she faced rejection from manufacturers, skepticism from retailers, and financial challenges. Yet, she kept pushing. Her persistence is a reminder that even when systems say “no,” change can still happen. Progress is built on persistence, not perfection.

2. Inclusion benefits everyone

Caroline’s Cart didn’t just change life for families of children with disabilities — it improved shopping experiences for countless people. Inclusion has a ripple effect. When stores, schools, and communities design spaces that work for everyone, they create environments that are more welcoming, efficient, and compassionate. Inclusion isn’t a favor; it’s an upgrade for society as a whole.

3. Start small

It all began with one mom, one child, and one simple idea drawn on a napkin. That’s the beauty of grassroots change, it often starts with a small act of courage. You don’t need a big platform or a million dollars to make an impact. You just need to care enough to take the first step.

4. Advocacy is contagious

Once people saw what Drew Ann was doing, others wanted to help. Communities rallied, companies listened, and families spoke up. One person’s voice inspired many others to raise theirs. That’s how movements grow, through shared hope and action.

Conclusion

Drew Ann Long’s story shows that true change often begins in the most ordinary moments,like a mother trying to take her daughter shopping. What started as frustration over a simple problem became a nationwide movement that redefined what inclusion looks like in everyday life. Because one mother refused to accept exclusion, families around the world can now shop together with dignity and ease.

Her journey reminds us that inclusion grows when empathy turns into action. It’s not enough to notice a problem; real progress happens when someone decides to fix it. Drew Ann didn’t wait for a company, a government, or a system to solve it for her — she used love, determination, and persistence to build something the world didn’t yet have.

Today, Caroline’s Cart stands as a symbol of what can happen when one voice speaks up for many. 

To hear Drew Ann’s inspiring journey in her own words, listen to “We Put Wheels on Inclusion” on the On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories podcast. 

Autism, Misdiagnosis, and Resilience

Table of Contents

intro

The Misdiagnosed Years

The Turning Point of Getting the Right Diagnosis

Rebuilding Life on His Own Terms

Redefining Success From Dropout to Role Model

Conclusion

Autism, Misdiagnosis, and Resilience 

Have you ever felt like something about you didn’t quite fit the world around you? Like no matter how hard you tried, things that seemed easy for others always felt like an uphill battle? For many people, that quiet confusion follows them for years, especially when they’re misunderstood or misdiagnosed.

That was the reality for Dave Kotera. Growing up, he knew he was different, but no one could tell him exactly why. He tried to fit in, to keep up, to meet expectations, but the labels placed on him didn’t match who he really was. Instead of helping, they made things harder—causing frustration, self-doubt, and a sense of being lost in his own story.

But Dave’s journey didn’t end there. Once he finally got the right diagnosis, everything began to change. He started to understand his mind, rebuild his confidence, and create a life that truly reflected who he was. What once looked like a story of struggle became one of strength and empowerment.

In this blog, we’ll explore how Dave went from being misdiagnosed and misunderstood to finding success and purpose. His story is a reminder that the right understanding can completely transform a life.

The Misdiagnosed Years

From an early age, Dave sensed that something about him was different. He struggled in ways other kids didn’t, whether it was staying focused, managing emotions, or navigating social situations. His parents and teachers noticed too, but no one could figure out exactly what was going on. Instead of clear answers, there were guesses, assumptions, and incorrect labels.

Those misdiagnoses shaped his early years. Rather than receiving support that actually fit his needs, Dave was often misunderstood. People expected him to act or learn in ways that simply didn’t align with how his brain worked. Over time, this created frustration and deep confusion. He began to question himself, wondering why he couldn’t just “get it right.”

The emotional toll was heavy. Living under the wrong label meant constantly trying to live up to expectations he couldn’t meet. It wasn’t just about academics or behavior—it was about identity. Dave felt “less than,” as if something inside him was broken or wrong. The truth is, misdiagnosis doesn’t only delay the right treatment, it chips away at confidence and self-worth. It makes people doubt their potential.

In the podcast, Dave shares how those years of confusion left him feeling trapped by labels that never fit and how he began to break free once he found real understanding.

The Turning Point of Getting the Right Diagnosis

For years, Dave lived in confusion, constantly wondering why life felt like a struggle that no one else seemed to face. Then came the moment that changed everything: receiving the right diagnosis. It wasn’t just a medical label—it was an explanation, a missing piece that made his entire life finally make sense.

When doctors confirmed what was really going on, it was as if a light had been turned on in a dark room. Suddenly, the things that once felt like flaws or failures had a reason behind them. He began to understand his brain, his emotions, and his behaviors through a new and more compassionate lens.

But the moment was not just about relief. It came with a flood of mixed emotions. There was grief for the years lost to misunderstanding and the pain of knowing things could have been different. Yet there was also a deep sense of empowerment. For the first time, Dave could move forward with clarity instead of confusion.

Getting the right diagnosis brought direction. It helped him see that his struggles were not because he was lazy, broken, or incapable, they were simply part of how his brain worked. With this understanding, he could finally begin to rebuild his confidence and make choices that supported his true needs.

Want to hear how Dave describes the exact moment everything clicked into place? Listen to his powerful story on the “On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories” podcast.

Rebuilding Life on His Own Terms

After leaving school, Dave found himself standing at a crossroads. The traditional path—graduate, get a job, follow the rules—was no longer an option. For a while, that reality was scary. The world often tells us that success must come from education and credentials, but Dave’s journey began to prove otherwise. He realized that he didn’t need to fit into someone else’s idea of success; he could create his own.

Without the structure of school, Dave started exploring the world in a hands-on way. He discovered that his natural curiosity, creativity, and determination were powerful tools for learning. Instead of absorbing lessons from textbooks, he learned from real experiences—trial and error, conversations, problem-solving, and observation. This approach allowed him to grow in ways that traditional education never could.

Slowly, Dave began to uncover his true strengths. He was great at thinking outside the box, finding innovative solutions, and working independently. These were the very skills that once made him feel out of place in school, but in the real world, they became his superpowers. What had once been seen as “difficult” or “different” was now the foundation of his success.

Rebuilding his life wasn’t just about finding a career; it was about rebuilding confidence, identity, and purpose. Dave learned that success isn’t about how perfectly you fit into a system—it’s about understanding who you are and using that knowledge to shape your own future.

His story is a reminder that there is no single path to achievement. The world needs people who think differently, solve problems creatively, and follow unconventional routes. And sometimes, stepping away from what doesn’t work is the first step toward discovering what truly does.

To hear how Dave turned his challenges into opportunities and built a life rooted in resilience and self-awareness, listen to his full story on the “On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories” podcast.

Redefining Success From Dropout to Role Model

Today, Dave’s story looks completely different from the struggles that once defined his early life. The boy who was once misdiagnosed, misunderstood, and labeled a “failure” has grown into someone who not only found his path but also helps others find theirs. Through his work, whether in his career, advocacy, or mentoring, Dave has become a living example that success is not about grades, degrees, or fitting into society’s mold—it’s about self-awareness, growth, and authenticity.

By learning to understand how his mind works, Dave gained the clarity and confidence he needed to move forward. He no longer sees his neurodivergence as a limitation but as a strength that allows him to think differently and connect with people in meaningful ways. That self-understanding has become the foundation of his achievements, both personally and professionally.

One of the most powerful parts of Dave’s journey is how he uses his experiences to empower others. He openly shares his story with people who feel “stuck,” reminding them that their worth is not defined by the system that may have failed them. Instead, he encourages others to embrace their individuality and create success on their own terms.

Dave’s life challenges the narrow definition of success that society often imposes. His story proves that being neurodivergent is not a barrier—it’s a unique way of seeing and experiencing the world. By accepting himself fully, Dave turned what once felt like obstacles into opportunities for impact.

Conclusion

Dave’s story is a powerful reminder that understanding yourself is the first and most important step toward true transformation. For years, he struggled under the weight of labels that didn’t fit, but once he discovered who he really was, everything changed. His journey from confusion to confidence shows that self-awareness can turn pain into purpose and misunderstanding into empowerment.

No label, diagnosis, or system can define your worth. Only you can decide what success looks like for your life. Dave’s resilience and determination prove that the path to fulfillment isn’t about fitting in, it’s about embracing who you are and building from there.

If you’ve ever felt misunderstood or limited by the expectations of others, Dave’s story offers real hope. It shows that with self-acceptance, persistence, and the courage to start again, transformation is always possible.

Breaking Autism Stereotypes

Table of Contents

Intro

The Struggle with Connection

Finding Belonging in Unexpected Places

Turning Passion into Purpose

From Advocate to Motivational Speaker

Breaking Autism Stereotypes

Lessons for Everyone

Conclusion

Breaking Autism Stereotypes

Society often views autism through a very limited perspective. Many people only see the stereotypes that have been repeated over time, such as the belief that autistic individuals lack empathy or cannot communicate. These assumptions overlook the complexity of the spectrum and the individuality of each autistic person. Real stories, shared in honest and personal ways, have the power to challenge these misconceptions and create a deeper understanding.

In this episode of On the Spectrum Empowerment Stories, Sam Mitchell opens up about his own journey. Sam is an autistic self-advocate, podcaster, and motivational speaker. He talks about what it was like to grow up on the spectrum, how he learned to embrace his identity, and how he now uses his platform to educate others and break down harmful stereotypes.

This blogpost will highlight the major lessons from Sam’s story. You will see how he turned his personal struggles into strengths, how he found belonging by being true to himself, and how his advocacy continues to create awareness about autism.

To fully experience Sam’s passion and authenticity, make sure to listen to the full podcast episode where he shares his journey in his own words.

The Struggle with Connection

While Sam was fortunate not to experience direct bullying, his childhood was still marked by a different kind of pain. He often felt socially excluded, not because people were intentionally cruel, but because his interests and way of connecting were different from those around him.

One example he shared was his love for professional wrestling. To him, wrestling was exciting and meaningful, but most of his peers could not relate to that passion. Instead of sharing conversations and building friendships through common interests, he often found himself on the outside looking in. This created a sense of loneliness that lingered throughout his younger years.

Sam’s experience shows that isolation is not always the result of bullying or harsh words. Sometimes, exclusion happens more quietly when people simply do not make the effort to understand or include someone who is different. The absence of connection can be just as painful as outright cruelty because it reinforces the feeling of being unseen or misunderstood.

The takeaway is clear: empathy and inclusion matter deeply. By showing curiosity about another person’s interests and making space for differences, we create opportunities for connection. Small gestures of understanding can transform an environment from isolating to welcoming.

Finding Belonging in Unexpected Places

As Sam grew older, particularly during his teenage years, he reached an important turning point. After years of trying to fit in with peers who did not fully understand him, he decided to stop chasing acceptance from people who could not see his value. This shift in mindset was powerful. Instead of molding himself to be like everyone else, Sam began to seek out spaces where he could simply be himself.

What he found was a community of people who also felt different or misunderstood in their own ways. These were peers who did not expect him to hide his quirks or change his interests. They welcomed him as he was, and in turn, Sam realized that being different did not mean being alone. This acceptance allowed him to build authentic friendships and experience the sense of belonging he had long been missing.

The result was more than just companionship. This new community gave Sam a renewed sense of confidence. For the first time, he could show up without pretending, masking, or shrinking himself to fit into other people’s expectations. That freedom opened the door to deeper self-acceptance and the ability to walk through life with his head held high.

The lesson here is that true belonging does not come from trying to win the approval of everyone around us. It comes from connecting with people who appreciate us exactly as we are. When we stop chasing external validation and instead embrace relationships built on mutual respect and understanding, we find the kind of belonging that nourishes the soul.

Turning Passion into Purpose

For Sam, professional wrestling was never just entertainment. From an early age, it sparked excitement, curiosity, and deep focus. What some might have dismissed as “just a hobby” became a foundation for creativity and self-expression. Professional wrestling gave Sam a way to connect with larger-than-life stories of struggle, resilience, and triumph. It also gave him language and imagery to make sense of his own experiences of feeling different and pushing through challenges.

Instead of letting his passion remain private, Sam found a way to share it with others. This is what eventually led him to create his podcast, Autism Rocks and Rolls. What started as an outlet for self-expression grew into something much bigger. On the podcast, Sam not only highlights the voices of autistic individuals but also bridges his love for wrestling by interviewing professional wrestlers. This unique mix allows him to draw connections between the strength, resilience, and individuality celebrated in wrestling and the lived experiences of people on the autism spectrum.

Through this platform, Sam transformed what many might have labeled a “special interest” into a tool for advocacy and awareness. His podcast became a space where listeners could learn about autism in a real, human way—directly from someone living it. It also challenged the stereotype that autistic people cannot lead, communicate, or inspire. By following his passion and using it to educate and empower, Sam proved that interests are not limitations but powerful springboards for purpose-driven work.

From Advocate to Motivational Speaker

Sam’s journey did not stop at creating a podcast. What began as a platform to share his story and amplify autistic voices eventually opened the door to public speaking. Over time, Sam realized that his message carried weight beyond the digital space. By stepping onto stages and speaking directly to audiences, he was able to connect with people in a deeper and more immediate way.

As a motivational speaker, Sam educates schools, communities, and organizations about what it truly means to live with autism. His talks dismantle long-standing stereotypes that paint autistic individuals as “less than” or incapable. Instead, he reframes the conversation by highlighting that autistic people are not broken. They simply experience and process the world differently. This perspective shifts the focus from limitations to possibilities, encouraging listeners to view autism through a lens of respect, understanding, and inclusion.

Through storytelling, Sam helps audiences see the humanity behind the label. He blends personal experiences with practical insights, making his talks both relatable and eye-opening. His presence on stage also serves as a powerful counter to stereotypes, as he embodies confidence, clarity, and leadership—qualities that some assume autistic people cannot express.

The key takeaway is that advocacy grows when personal stories move from small circles to bigger platforms. By sharing his truth on public stages, Sam not only spreads awareness but also inspires others to create inclusive environments where differences are celebrated. His evolution from podcaster to speaker demonstrates how personal passion, when combined with courage, can ripple outward and spark meaningful cultural change.

This post only scratches the surface of Sam’s journey. Hear his full story and insights by listening to the complete episode.

Breaking Autism Stereotypes

One of the biggest barriers autistic people face is not the condition itself, but the stereotypes that surround it. Society often assumes that autistic individuals cannot communicate effectively, struggle with empathy, or lack the ability to build meaningful relationships. Sam’s life is a direct challenge to those assumptions. Through his podcast, his public speaking, and his openness about his own experiences, he shows that autistic people not only communicate but can do so with passion, clarity, and purpose.

Sam also emphasizes the importance of individuality. Autism is not a one-size-fits-all experience. Just as no two neurotypical people are the same, no two autistic people are identical either. Some may be introverted while others thrive in social situations. Some may express themselves best through words, others through art, music, or unique passions. By highlighting this truth, Sam helps people see beyond the label and recognize the human being behind it.

His own journey illustrates the incredible strengths that often come with autism. Qualities such as deep focus, creativity, persistence, and determination can all be powerful assets when nurtured and valued. What some may dismiss as a limitation is often the very trait that helps autistic individuals excel in areas they are passionate about. For Sam, his intense focus on professional wrestling not only gave him joy but eventually led him to build a platform for advocacy.

The key takeaway is simple but profound: stereotypes crumble when we listen to lived experiences. Instead of relying on outdated assumptions, hearing directly from autistic voices reveals the richness, diversity, and capability within the community. By sharing his story, Sam not only redefines what autism can look like but also invites others to challenge their own perspectives and embrace a more inclusive view of neurodiversity.

Lessons for Everyone

Sam’s story is not only about autism, it is about what it means to be human. One of the most important lessons he shares is that inclusion goes far beyond simply avoiding harm. True inclusion means actively choosing to value and embrace the differences that make each person unique. It is about creating spaces where people are not just tolerated, but celebrated for who they are.

Another powerful lesson is the value of special interests. Too often, society dismisses them as obsessions or quirks. In reality, they are passions that can fuel creativity, purpose, and even careers. When we encourage people to lean into what excites them instead of forcing them to conform, we open doors to innovation and fulfillment.

Sam’s journey also shows that belonging may require redefining what we think of as “normal.” The traditional idea of fitting in often means changing ourselves to match the majority, but real belonging happens when we connect with people who appreciate us exactly as we are. This shift in perspective benefits not only autistic people but everyone searching for genuine connection.

Finally, voices like Sam’s are essential in reshaping how the world understands autism. Hearing directly from those with lived experience breaks down stereotypes and replaces them with compassion and truth. The more we listen, the more we learn that diversity—whether neurological, cultural, or personal—is a strength that enriches communities.

Conclusion

Autism is not a stereotype. It is a wide spectrum of lived experiences, each one unique, valuable, and worthy of respect. Sam’s story is a clear reminder that no single narrative can define what it means to be autistic. By stepping forward and sharing his truth, he invites us to see beyond the labels and challenge the narrow ways society often frames autism.

The key message is simple yet profound: when autistic voices are the ones leading the conversation, we all gain a deeper and more accurate understanding. We learn to see the strengths, creativity, and humanity that might otherwise be overlooked. Inclusion begins with listening. It begins with pausing our assumptions long enough to hear stories like Sam’s.

If you want to truly understand autism beyond the stereotypes, listen to the full conversation with Sam on the podcast

Are Autism and Down Syndrome Related?

Table of Contents

Intro

What is Autism?

What is Down Syndrome?

How Are They Different?

Can Someone Have Both?

How to Better Understand and Support

If You Love or Work With Someone With Autism, Read This

Conclusion

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome

Many people wonder whether autism and Down syndrome are connected or similar conditions. This question comes up frequently among parents, caregivers, educators, and healthcare providers who notice some overlapping characteristics between the two conditions. While it's natural to look for connections when trying to understand developmental differences, the relationship between autism and Down syndrome is more complex than it might initially appear.

As such, the short answer is that autism and Down syndrome are distinct conditions with different causes, but they can occur together in the same person. They also share some similar challenges, which is why people sometimes confuse them or wonder about their relationship. However, understanding their differences is just as important as recognizing their similarities.

This article will explore what autism and Down syndrome actually are, how they differ, why they're sometimes confused, and how understanding both conditions can lead to better support for the individuals and families affected by them.

What is Autism?

Autism, officially called Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people communicate, interact socially, and process sensory information. The word "spectrum" is used because autism affects people in many different ways and to different degrees.

Core Characteristics of Autism

Autism typically involves differences in several key areas:

Social communication and interaction: This might include difficulty with back-and-forth conversation, challenges understanding nonverbal communication like facial expressions, or differences in developing and maintaining relationships.

Restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior: This could involve repetitive movements like hand-flapping, intense focus on specific interests, strict adherence to routines, or unusual reactions to sensory input like sounds, textures, or lights.

Sensory processing differences: Many autistic people are either oversensitive or undersensitive to certain sensory experiences, such as loud noises, bright lights, or specific textures.

Key Signs of Autism

Common signs of autism include:

• Difficulty with social interactions and reading social cues

• Challenges with verbal and nonverbal communication

• Repetitive behaviors or intense interests in specific topics

• Need for routine and predictability

• Sensory sensitivities or seeking certain sensory experiences

• Difficulty with transitions or changes in plans

Autism Looks Different in Each Person

It's crucial to understand that autism presents very differently from person to person. Some autistic people are nonspeaking and need significant daily support, while others are highly verbal and live independently. Some have exceptional abilities in certain areas, while others may have intellectual disabilities. Some are diagnosed in early childhood, while others aren't identified until adulthood.

This diversity means that you can't always tell if someone is autistic just by looking at them or having a brief interaction. Autism is often called an "invisible disability" because many autistic people learn to mask their traits in social situations.

What Causes Autism

Autism is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors that affect brain development. Research shows that autism tends to run in families, suggesting a strong genetic component, but no single cause has been identified. Important to note: vaccines do not cause autism, despite persistent myths.

What is Down Syndrome?

Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by having an extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material affects physical and intellectual development in characteristic ways.

The Genetic Basis

Unlike autism, Down syndrome has a clear, identifiable genetic cause. Typically, people have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. People with Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes because they have three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two. This is why Down syndrome is also called "Trisomy 21."

Key Traits of Down Syndrome

People with Down syndrome typically share certain physical characteristics:

• Distinctive facial features, including almond-shaped eyes and a flatter facial profile

• Lower muscle tone (hypotonia)

• Shorter stature

• A single deep crease across the palm of the hand

Intellectual and Developmental Effects

Down syndrome affects cognitive development, typically resulting in:

• Mild to moderate intellectual disabilities

• Delays in speech and language development

• Challenges with memory and learning

• Slower processing of information

However, the degree of intellectual disability varies significantly among individuals with Down syndrome. Many people with Down syndrome learn to read, write, work, and live semi-independently or independently.

Health Considerations

People with Down syndrome are at higher risk for certain health conditions:

• Heart defects (present in about half of babies with Down syndrome)

• Hearing and vision problems

• Sleep apnea

• Thyroid problems

• Increased risk of certain infections

Strengths and Abilities

People with Down syndrome often have particular strengths:

• Strong social skills and empathy

• Good visual learning abilities

• Determination and perseverance

• Ability to learn and work when given appropriate support

How Are They Different?

While autism and Down syndrome can sometimes appear similar on the surface, they have fundamental differences in their causes, characteristics, and impacts.

Different Origins

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition with complex causes involving multiple genes and possibly environmental factors. The exact mechanisms aren't fully understood, but autism involves differences in brain structure and function.

Down syndrome is a genetic condition with a clear, identifiable cause: an extra chromosome 21. This genetic difference affects development throughout the body, not just the brain.

Physical Differences

Down syndrome involves characteristic physical features that are usually recognizable. People with Down syndrome typically have distinctive facial features, shorter stature, and lower muscle tone.

Autism generally doesn't involve distinctive physical features. Most autistic people look no different from their non-autistic peers, which is why autism is often considered an invisible disability.

Communication and Social Differences

In autism: Communication challenges often involve difficulty with social communication rules, understanding nonverbal cues, and processing language. Many autistic people prefer direct, literal communication.

In Down syndrome: Communication challenges typically involve speech clarity, language development delays, and articulation difficulties. However, people with Down syndrome often have good social instincts and enjoy interacting with others.

Learning Style Differences

Autistic people often have uneven skill profiles. They might excel in certain areas while struggling significantly in others. Many have intense interests and can develop deep expertise in specific topics.

People with Down syndrome typically have more evenly distributed learning challenges. They often learn well through visual methods and repetition, and many benefit from hands-on learning approaches.

Sensory Processing

Autism frequently involves significant sensory processing differences. Autistic people might be overwhelmed by certain sounds, lights, or textures, or they might seek out intense sensory experiences.

Down syndrome can involve some sensory challenges, but these are typically less prominent and usually related to hearing or vision problems rather than sensory processing differences.

Behavioral Patterns

Autism often involves repetitive behaviors, intense interests, and strong needs for routine and predictability. Changes in routine can be very distressing.

Down syndrome doesn't typically involve the same types of repetitive behaviors or intense needs for routine, though individuals may certainly have preferences and habits.

Can Someone Have Both?

Yes, it's definitely possible for someone to have both autism and Down syndrome. Research suggests that autism occurs in people with Down syndrome at rates significantly higher than in the general population.

Co-occurrence Statistics

Studies indicate that autism occurs in approximately 16-18% of people with Down syndrome, compared to about 1-2% of the general population. This means that people with Down syndrome are much more likely to also be autistic than people without Down syndrome.

What Dual Diagnosis Looks Like

When someone has both conditions, they might show:

• The characteristic physical features of Down syndrome

• Communication challenges that are more severe than typical for Down syndrome alone

• Social interaction difficulties that go beyond what's expected with Down syndrome

• Repetitive behaviors and intense interests characteristic of autism

• Sensory sensitivities not typically associated with Down syndrome alone

• Stronger needs for routine and predictability

Challenges with Dual Diagnosis

Having both conditions can create unique challenges:

Diagnostic complexity: It can be difficult to determine which behaviors are related to Down syndrome versus autism, potentially leading to delayed or missed autism diagnosis.

Support needs: The person might need support strategies that address both conditions, which can be more complex to develop and implement.

Communication: Speech and language challenges might be more significant when both conditions are present.

Social interaction: While people with Down syndrome typically have good social instincts, adding autism can create more complex social challenges.

Strengths with Dual Diagnosis

People with both conditions also bring unique strengths:

• The social warmth often associated with Down syndrome combined with the focused interests of autism

• Determination and perseverance common in Down syndrome along with the deep thinking abilities often found in autism

• Visual learning strengths that can be enhanced by autism's attention to detail

Why the Confusion?

Several factors contribute to confusion between autism and Down syndrome:

Overlapping Challenges

Both conditions can involve:

• Delays in speech and language development

• Challenges with social interaction

• Learning differences and intellectual disabilities (in some cases)

• Need for additional support in educational and social settings

Communication Similarities

Both autistic people and people with Down syndrome might:

• Have difficulty with certain aspects of communication

• Need extra time to process information

• Benefit from visual supports and clear, concrete language

• Experience frustration when they can't communicate effectively

Media Representation and Stereotypes

Unfortunately, media representations often oversimplify both conditions, leading to stereotypes that can blur the distinctions between them. Movies and TV shows might portray people with developmental disabilities in similar ways, regardless of their specific condition.

Limited Public Understanding

Many people have limited knowledge about developmental disabilities in general, leading them to group different conditions together or assume they're all similar.

Educational and Support Settings

In some educational or support settings, people with different developmental disabilities might receive similar services or be grouped together, which can contribute to confusion about the distinctions between conditions.

Why Accurate Understanding Matters

Confusion between autism and Down syndrome can have real consequences:

Missed diagnoses: If someone with Down syndrome also has autism, their autism might be overlooked, leading to inadequate support.

Inappropriate expectations: Misunderstanding someone's condition can lead to expectations that are either too low or inappropriate for their actual abilities and challenges.

Ineffective support: Support strategies that work for one condition might not be effective for the other, leading to frustration and limited progress.

Reduced opportunities: Stereotypes and misconceptions can limit opportunities for education, employment, and social participation.

How to Better Understand and Support

Understanding both autism and Down syndrome leads to better support for individuals and families affected by these conditions.

Be Patient and Keep Learning

Supporting someone with autism, Down syndrome, or both requires ongoing learning and patience:

• Recognize that every person is unique, regardless of their diagnosis

• Stay curious about the individual's specific needs, preferences, and abilities

• Be willing to adjust your approaches based on what works for that particular person

• Understand that development and abilities can change over time

Ask Questions and Listen

Rather than making assumptions based on a diagnosis:

• Ask the person (when possible) or their family about their specific needs and preferences

• Listen to their experiences and perspectives

• Respect their communication style and give them time to respond

• Focus on the individual rather than the label

Educate Yourself

Take time to learn about both conditions from reliable sources:

• Read current research and information from reputable organizations

• Learn from autistic people and people with Down syndrome themselves

• Understand that old stereotypes and outdated information can be harmful

• Recognize that both conditions exist on spectrums of ability and need

Focus on Strengths

Both autistic people and people with Down syndrome have valuable strengths and abilities:

• Look for and build on individual strengths rather than focusing only on challenges

• Create opportunities for people to use their abilities and interests

• Celebrate achievements and progress, no matter how small they might seem

• Recognize that everyone has something valuable to contribute

Create Inclusive Environments

Whether in schools, workplaces, or communities:

• Design environments that work for people with different abilities and needs

• Provide multiple ways for people to communicate and participate

• Offer appropriate supports without being condescending

• Foster acceptance and understanding among all community members

If You Love or Work With Someone With Autism, Read This

If there's someone in your life who's autistic, whether it's a family member, student, friend, or colleague, understanding their experience from the inside is crucial for providing meaningful support. While clinical information about autism is important, nothing replaces hearing directly from autistic people about what their lives are really like.

Sonia Krishna Chand's book "Dropped in a Maze" is a powerful and essential read for anyone who wants to truly understand the autistic experience. This isn't just another clinical book about autism written from an outside perspective. It's an honest, raw, and deeply personal account of living with autism, particularly as someone who wasn't diagnosed until adulthood.

Why This Book Matters

Sonia's story provides insights that no medical textbook can offer. She writes about the confusion of living for years without understanding why certain things felt so difficult, the exhaustion of constantly trying to fit into a neurotypical world, and the relief and clarity that came with finally receiving an autism diagnosis.

Her book covers the daily realities of autism that often go unrecognized: the overwhelming nature of social situations, the intense effort required for activities that seem simple to others, and the constant work of translating between autistic and neurotypical ways of experiencing the world.

For Different Readers

This book offers value for various audiences:

• Parents and family members can gain insight into what their autistic loved ones might be experiencing internally, even when they appear to be managing well on the surface.

• Teachers and educators can better understand why certain teaching strategies work while others don't, and how to create more autism-friendly learning environments.

• Friends and colleagues can develop empathy for the unique challenges their autistic peers face and learn how to provide better support.

• Healthcare and support professionals can develop more effective, compassionate approaches to their work with autistic individuals.

• Autistic people themselves can find validation, community, and strategies for their own journeys.

A Story of Identity and Understanding

What makes Sonia's book particularly powerful is her journey of self-discovery. As someone diagnosed later in life, she experienced years of feeling different without understanding why. Her story demonstrates that autism diagnosis, even in adulthood, can be liberating rather than limiting.

She writes with both personal insight and professional understanding, as she's both an autistic person and a licensed therapist. This dual perspective provides a unique depth to her observations about autism, mental health, and the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate support.

Moving Beyond Stereotypes

"Dropped in a Maze" challenges many common stereotypes about autism. Sonia's experience shows that:

• Autism doesn't always look like the portrayals in movies or media

• Intelligent, successful people can be autistic and still struggle significantly in daily life

• Women's autism is often missed or misdiagnosed, leading to years of confusion

• Late diagnosis is more common than many people realize

• Understanding autism can transform someone's relationship with themselves

If You Want to Truly Understand

If you want to truly understand what it feels like to live inside the maze of autism, this book will open your eyes. Sonia's writing is accessible and engaging, making complex topics understandable without being condescending. She shares both struggles and triumphs, providing a balanced view of autism that respects both its challenges and its strengths.

This is essential reading for anyone who wants to move beyond surface-level understanding of autism to genuine empathy and effective support. Whether you're a parent trying to understand your child, a teacher working with autistic students, or simply someone who wants to be a better ally to autistic people in your community, this book provides the insight and understanding you need.

Get a copy of "Dropped in a Maze" on Amazon today.

Conclusion

Autism and Down syndrome are distinct conditions with different causes, characteristics, and support needs. While they can occur together and share some surface similarities, understanding their differences is crucial for providing appropriate support and avoiding harmful stereotypes.

The key to providing good support is recognizing that every person is unique, regardless of their diagnosis. Labels like "autism" or "Down syndrome" provide important information about potential support needs, but they don't define everything about a person's abilities, interests, or potential.

Whether someone has autism, Down syndrome, both, or neither, they deserve to be seen as a whole person with their own strengths, challenges, interests, and dreams. Our job as family members, friends, educators, and community members is to provide the support and understanding that helps everyone reach their potential and live fulfilling lives.

Get a copy of "Dropped in a Maze" on Amazon today.